Category: Syllabus

Post Name :

Assistant Engineer (Civil), Class-I (Gazetted ) in Jal Shakti Vibhag, H.P.

Examination pattern for HPPSC Assistant Engineer AE Civil :

Selection will be through two examinations, Paper -1 and Paper-2.

Paper-1: Objective Question test consisting 50 Questions of 100 Marks.

Paper 2: Description exam consisting of 120 marks.

click on the link for Examination Pattern of AE Civil Jal Shakti Vibhag, HP .CLICK HERE

Syllabus for HPPSC Assistant Engineer AE Civil :

click on the link for PDF of Detailed Syllabus of AE Civil Jal Shakti Vibhag, HP . CLICK HERE

PART-I – (60 Marks)

1. Engineering Mathematics:-
   Matrix: Algebra Matrices, Related Matrices, Complex matrices (Hermitian and SkewHermitian matrices, Unitary matrix), Rank of a matrix, Gauss-Jordan method, Normal
   form of a matrix, Linear dependence and independence of vectors, Consistency of linear
   system of equations, solution of linear system of equations, Characteristic equation, Eigen
   values, Eigen vectors, Properties of eigen values, Cayley-Hamilton theorem and its
   applications, Reduction to diagonal form, Quadratic form and their reduction to canonical
   form, Differential Calculus: Review of Limits, Continuity and Differentiability, Mean
   Value Theorem, Partial Differentiation and its geometrical interpretation, Homogeneous
   functions, Euler’s theorem and its extension, Total differentials, Composite function,
   Jacobian, Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s infinite series, Indeterminate forms, Errors and
   increments, Maxima and minima of functions of two variables, Method of undetermined
   multiples, curve tracing, Integral Calculus: Double integrals (Cartesian and Polar),
   Change of order of integration, Change of Variables, Applications of Double Integrals,
   Triple Integrals, Change of Variables, Applications of Triple Integrals, Beta and Gamma
   functions, Vector Calculus: Differentiation of vectors, Curves in space, Velocity and
   Acceleration, Relative velocity and acceleration, Scalar and Vector point functions,
   Vector Operator ‘Del’- Del Applied to Scalar Point Functions (Gradient) and its
   Geometrical Interpretation- Directional Derivative, Del Applied to Vector Point Function
   (Divergence and Curl) and their Physical Interpretation, Del Applied Twice to Point
   function, Del Applied to Products of Point Functions, Integration of Vector, Tangential
   Line Integral, Normal Surface Integral, Volume integrals, Theorems of Green, Integration
   of Vector, Tangential Line Integral, Normal Surface Integral, Volume Integrals, Theorems
   of Green, Stokes and Gauss (without proofs) and their verification and applications,
   Rotational Fields, Solenoidal Fields, Fourier Series: Euler’s formula, Dirichlet’s
   Conditions, Functions having points of discontinuity, Change of interval, Expansion of
   odd and even periodic functions, Half-range series, Typical wave-forms, Parseval’s
   formula, Practical harmonic analysis, Ordinary Differential Equations: Brief review of
   ordinary differential equations, Exact equations, Equations reducible to exact equations,
   Equations of the first order and higher degrees, Clairaut’s equation, Applications of ODEs
   in concerned engineering branch, Linear differential equations with constant co-efficient,
   Complimentary functions and particular integral, method of variation of parameters,
   Equations reducible to linear equations with constant co-efficient (Cauchy’s and
   Legendre’s linear equations), initial and Boundary value problems, Simultaneous linear
   equations with constant co-efficient, Applications of differential equations in concerned
   engineering branch, Partial Differential Equations: Formulation of Partial Differential
   Equations (PDE), Solution of PDE, Linear PDE of First Order (Lagrange’s Linear
   Equation), Non-linear Equation of First Order (Standard Forms), Charpit’s Method,
   Homogenous Linear Equation with Constant Coefficients, Non-homogenous Linear
   Equations, Applications of PDE: Method of separation of variables, Solution of one
   dimensional wave and heat equation and two dimensional Laplace’s equation,
   Transforms Theory: Laplace Transform: Laplace Transforms and their properties,
   Inverse Laplace Transforms, General Properties of inverse Laplace transforms and
   Convolution Theorem, Laplace Transforms of periodic functions, Dirac-delta Function,
   Heaviside’s Unit Function, Solution of ODE and linear simultaneous differential
   equations using Laplace transforms, Fourier Transform: Fourier integral representation,
   Fourier sine, cosine and complex transform, Finite Fourier Transforms and their
   applications, Probability and Statistics: Review of probability, Conditional probability and
   sampling theorems, Discrete and Continuous Probability Distribution, Probability Mass &
   Probability Density Functions, distribution Function, Discrete and Continuous probability
   distributions, Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions, Functions of Complex
   Variable: Applications of De Moivre’s theorem, Exponential, Circular, Hyperbolic and
   logarithmic functions of a complex variable, Inverse Hyperbolic functions, Real and
   imaginary parts of Circular and Hyperbolic functions, Summation of the series-
   ‘C+iS’method, Limit and derivative of complex functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations,
   Analytic functions and its applications, Complex integration, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s
   integral formula, Series of complex function, Taylor series, singularities and Laurent’s
   series, Cauchy’s residue theorem and its application for the evaluation of real singularities
   and Laurent’s series, Cauchy’s residue theorem and its application for the evaluation of
   real definite integrals, Interpolation: Lease square curve fit and trigonometric
   approximations, Finite differences and difference operators, Newton’s interpolation
   formulae, Gauss forward and backward formulae, Sterling and Bessle’s formulae,
   Lagrange’s interpolation, Numerical integration: Integration by trapezoidal and
   Simpson’s rules 1/3 and 3/8 rule, Romberg integration and Gaussian quadrature rule,
   Numerical integration of function of two variables, Numerical Solution of Ordinary
   Differential Equations: Taylor series method, Picard’s method, Euler’s method,
   Modified Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta method, Predictor corrector methods, Adam
   Bashforth and Milnes method, convergence criteria, Finite difference method, Numerical
   Solution of Linear and Non-Linear Equations: Non-Linear Equations: Bisection
   Method, Regula Falsi Method, Newton-Raphson Method, Iteration Method, Linear
   Equations: Jacobi and Gauss Seidal Iteration methods, Relaxation method.
2. Engineering Graphics:-
   Introduction: Importance of Engineering drawing, Engineering Drawing instruments and
   uses, B.I.S. and I.S.O. Conventions for drawings, Use of plane scales and Representative
   Fraction, Projection of Points and Straight Lines: Introduction to principal planes,
   Notation System, Projection of line parallel/perpendicular to principal plane, Concept of
   true length of line, Projection of Planes: Concept of different planes, Projections of
   planes with its inclination to one principal plane and with two principal planes, Concept
   of auxiliary plane method for projections of the plane, Projections of Solids and Sections
   of Solids: Classifications of Solids, Projections of right and regular solids with their axis
   parallel to two and perpendicular to one of the principal planes, axis parallel to one and
   inclined to two principal planes, axis inclined to all the three principal planes, Section of
   solids, Orthographic Projections & Isometric Projection: Principle of projection,
   Principal planes of projection, Projections from the pictorial view of the object on the
   principal planes using firs angle projection method and third angle projection method,
   Full Sectional View, Isometric Projection, Autocad’s Workspaces and User Interface:
   The Drawing Area, Accessing Autocad Commands, Starting, Saving, and Opening
   Drawings, Closed User Interface, User Interface and Start-up Tutorial, Coordinates,
   World Coordinate System/User Coordinate System, Coordinate Systems tutorial, Drawing
   Using Coordinates Tutorial, Drawing Commands, Text & Modifying Commands, Object
   Snap Commands.
3. Engineering Physics:-
   Semiconductor Device Physics: Energy bands in solids, the E-k diagram, Density of
   states, Occupation probability, Fermi level and quasi Fermi levels, Fermi-Dirac Statistic,
   Effective mass, conductivity as a function of temperature p-n junctions, Schottky junction
   and Ohmic contacts, Laser Physics: Concept of laser, spontaneous and simulated
   emission, elementary idea about Lasers, basic principles involves in laser, three and four
   level laser system, coherence, characteristics of laser light; ruby; He-Ne, CO2 and
   semiconductor lasers, applications of lasers, Fibers Optics and photonics: Optical Fiber,
   Physical structure and basic theory, modes in optical fibers, step index fibers, losses in
   optical fibers, sources and sensors for optical fibers, applications of optical fibers in
   communication, Electrostatics and Electrodynamics: Gauss’s Law in dielectric
   medium, Equation of continuity, displacement current, Maxwell’s equations, wave
   equation for electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic wave propagation in free space
   and isotropic dielectric medium, Poynting theorem & Poynting vector, Quantum
   Mechanics: Need of quantum mechanics, Compton effect, Born’s concept of wave
   function, eigen function and eigen values, operators in quantum mechanics, expectation
   values, time dependant Schrodinger’s wave equations and its applications viz., particle in
   one dimensional potential well, Superconductivity and Ultrasonics: Introduction and
   discovery of superconductivity, superconductivity materials, Meissner effect, critical
   magnetic field and critical current, type-1 and type-2 superconductors, isotope effect,
   theory of superconductivity ultrasonic’s, generation, properties and applications.
4. Applied Mechanics:-
   Introduction to Statics: Particle and Rigid body, Types of forces, Transmissibility of a
   force, Vector algebra, Two dimensional force system: Resolution of forces, Moment of
   forces, Couple, Resolution of a coplanar force by its equivalent force-couple system,
   Resultant of forces, free body diagram, equilibrium, Centre of Gravity and Moments of
   inertia: Centroid of plane, curve, area, volume and composite bodies MI with respect to
   different axis, parallel axis theorem, Mass moment of inertia, Virtual work and Energy
   method: Principle of virtual work; Application of virtual work principle to machines;
   Mechanical efficiency; Work of a force/couple, potential energy and equilibrium,
   Concept of Friction: Law of Coulomb friction, Angle of Repose, Coefficient of friction,
   large and small contact surfaces, Belt friction, Equilibrium of a belt, Bearing friction,
   Kinematics of Rigid body: Introduction, Plane Motion of Rigid Body, Velocity and
   Acceleration under Translation and Rotational Motion, Relative Velocity, Kinetics and
   Rigid Body: Introduction, Force, Mass and Acceleration, Work and Energy, Impulse and
   Momentum, DÁlembert’s Principles and Dynamic Equilibrium, Impulse Momentum
   Principle: Impulsive force, Conservation of Linear momentum and Angular momentum,
   Impact between bodies, Simple Stresses and Strains: Normal stress, Shear stress,
   Bearing Stress, Normal strain, Shearing Strain; Hook’s law; Poisson’s ratio, Factor of
   safety, Bending stress of Beams: Introduction, Simple Bending Theory, Stress in beams
   of different cross sections, shear stress, combined stresses, Torsion: Introduction, Torsion
   of shafts of circular section, torque and twist, shear stress due to torque, Analysis of
   Truss: Method of joints, Method of Sections, Analysis of Frames: Shear force and
   bending moment diagram of determinate beams and frame.
5. Engineering Chemistry:-
   Environmental Science: Specification of domestic and industrial water, water treatment,
   water quality parameters, waste/sewage water treatment, BOD, COD, Air quality
   standard, air pollution and its control, smog formation, Photochemical smog, green house
   effect and Global Warming, Chemical pollutants, Carbon Credit, Climate Change,
   Introduction to Environment impact assessment, Characterisation Techniques:
   Introduction to spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy- Absorption laws,
   Instrumentation, formation of absorption bands, Chromophore and auxochrome concept,
   application of UV-Visible Spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy- Principle, Selection rules,
   spectral features of some classes of compounds, important features of IR spectroscopy
   and application, Introduction to Thermal methods, instrumentation and applications
   (TGA, DTA, DSC), Nanochemistry: Introduction to nanochemistry: Dependency of
   optical, electrical and magnetic properties on size of materials, various nanostructures,
   spherical nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanorods, etc, synthesis, properties and
   applications of following nanomaterials- Carbon based nanostructures- CNTs and
   graphene, semiconductors nanoparticles- Tio2, Characterisation of nanomaterials: atomic
   force microscopy (AFM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Corrosion and its
   control: Introduction, Types of corrosion-chemical and electrochemical, Mechanism of
   corrosion, factors affecting corrosion and different protection methods for corrosion
   control, Lubricants: Introduction, Mechanisms of lubrication, Types of lubricants,
   properties and different methods for testing of lubricant oils and greases.
6. Fluid Mechanics:-
   Introduction: Flow characteristics, Classification, Fluid properties, Fluid Pressure and its
   measurement, hydrostatic forces on submerged bodies, buoyancy and floatation, Fluid
   Kinematics and Dynamics: Continuity equation, rotational and irrotational flow,
   circulation and vorticitty, velocity potential and stream function, flow net, Euler’s
   equation, Bernoulli’s equation and its applications, Flow through pipes: Darch-Weisbach
   equation, energy losses in pipelines, equivalent pipes, multiple pipe system, siphon, three
   reservoir problem, Laminar and Turbulent flows: Reynolds experiment, Laminar flow
   between parallel plates, Laminar flow in pipes, characteristics of turbulent flow, Turbulent
   flow in smooth and rough pipe, Concepts of boundary layer, Boundary layer thickness,
   momentum integral equation, boundary layer separation and its control, Dimensional
   analysis and similitude: Dimensional homogeneity, Buckingham’s π theorem,
   geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity, model studies, Open Channel Flow: Types
   of open channels, classification of flows, continuity equation, concept of specific energy,
   Critical depth, Chezy’s and Mannings equation, roughness coefficients, equivalent
   roughness, Hydraulically efficient channel cross sections.
7. Engineering Geology and Rock Mechanics:-
   Introduction: Dynamic Earth; Origin, Age, Interior, Materials of Earth; Silicate
   Structures and Symmetry Elements, Physical properties, Formation of Rocks; Igneous,
   Sedimentary and Metamorphic processes and structures, Characterisation; Weathering
   Processes, Geological work of Rivers, Glaciers, Wind and Sea/Oceans, Deposits and
   Landforms, Formation of Soils; Engineering Properties of Rocks, Rock as Construction
   material, Structural Features, Attitude of beds, True and apparent dips, Folds, Joints,
   Faults, Unconformities, Plate tectonics, Continental drift and sea floor spreading,
   Geological time scale, topographic maps, outcrops, Three point problems, Depth and
   thickness problems, Hydrogeology: Ground water, Zone of ground water, water table and
   perched water table, water bearing properties of rocks; occurrence of ground water,
   springs, selection of sites for well sinking and geophysical investigations (Electrical and
   Seismic methods), Earthquake and landslides: Classification, causes and effects of
   Earthquake and landslides, seismic curve, seismographs, seismograms, accelograms,
   seismic problems of India, seismic zones of India, remedial measures to prevent damage
   for engineering structures, case histories, Geology of dams and reservoirs: Types of
   dams, requirements of dam site, preliminary and detailed geological investigation for dam
   site, failures of dams and their causes, factors affecting seepage and leakage of the
   reservoir and the remedial measures, silting of reservoir, Rock Mechanics: Rock
   Mechanics and its relationship with soil mechanics and engineering geology, application
   of rock mechanics to civil engineering problems, index properties, Strength and failure
   criteria for rocks and rock masses, Insitu stresses in rocks and their measurement,
   Strength and deformation behaviour of discontinuities in rocks, Deformation behaviour of
   rocks and rock masses, Time dependent behaviour of rocks, Application of Rock
   mechanics of Underground Structures, slopes and Foundations, Improving the properties
   of insitu rock masses, Rockmass classifications, Terzaghi, RQD, RSR, RMR and Q
   classification, Rating, Applications, Creep and cycling loading, Weathered rocks,
   Tunneling: Purpose of tunnelling and geological problems connected with tunnelling,
   basic design and Principles of tunnels in rocks, Types and design of tunnel lining.
8. Surveying & Quantity Surveying:-
   Basics of surveying: Introduction, concept of Geoids and reference spheroids, coordinate
   systems, plane and geodetic surveys, methods of location of a point, errors in
   measurements, surveying instruments, maps, scales and uses, topographic maps, map
   layout, Distance measurements: Direct and Indirect methods, Chain and tape
   measurements, Optical methods- tacheometers, sub tense bar, Electronic methods- EDMs,
   Levelling: Methods of height determination, levels and staves, booking and reduction of
   data, classification and permissible closing error, profile levelling and cross sectioning,
   errors, reciprocal levelling, Contour-characteristics, uses and methods of contouring,
   Measurement of Directions: Bearing and angles, compass surveying, magnetic bearings,
   declination, local attraction errors and adjustments, Theodolites-types, uses, methods of
   observation and booking of data, total station, Traversing and Triangulation: Compass
   and Theodolite traverses- balancing and adjustment of traverses, computation of
   coordinates, omitted measurements Triangulation-network, strength of figures, selection
   of stations, inter-visibility, satellite stations, measurements and computations, Plane
   Tabling: Accessories, orientations, and resection, methods, three point problem and
   solutions, errors in plane tabling, Curves: simple circular curves, compound and reverse
   curves, transition curves and vertical curves, Earthwork: area of a traverse, determining
   area from plans, area of x-section, volume from X-section, corrections, mass haul
   diagram, Modern Surveying methods: Aerial photogrammetry, geometry of aerial
   photograph, stereoscopy, GPS principles, Satellite navigation system, GPS segment,
   Receivers, Static, Kinematic and Differential GPS, remote sensing/GIS techniques and
   application in mapping.
   Estimate: Principles of estimation, Units, Items of work, Different kinds of estimates,
   different methods of estimation, estimation of materials in single room building, Two
   roomed building with different sections of walls for foundation, floors and roofs, R.B. and
   R.C.C. works, plastering, white-washing, distempering, painting, doors and windows, and
   lump sum items, estimates of canals and roads, Specification of works: Necessity of
   specifications, types of specifications, general specifications, specification of bricks,
   cement, sand, water, lime, reinforcement; detailed specifications for earthwork, cement,
   concrete, brick work, floorings, D.P.C., R.C.C., cement plastering, white and colour
   washing, distempering, painting, Rate Analysis: Purpose, Preparation of rate analysis,
   procedure of rate analysis for items: earthwork, concrete works, R.C.C. works, reinforced
   brick work, plastering, painting, white-washing and distempering, Valuation: Gross
   income, net income, outgoings, scrap values, salvage value, obsolescence, annuity,
   sinking fund, depreciation, valuations of buildings, Public Works Account: Regular and
   work change establishment, earnest money, security money, retention money, muster roll,
   measurement book, cash book, examination and payment of bills, first and final bills,
   administrative sanction, technical sanction.
9. Water Resource Engineering:-
   Introduction: Hydrological cycle, Water budget equation, Watershed, Abstractions:
   Precipitations-Types, Measurement, Computation of average rainfall over a basin,
   Evaporation, Transpiration, infiltration, Φ-index, weather systems, Runoff: Factors
   affecting, runoff computation, rainfall-runoff correlation, flow mass curve, flow duration
   curve, Hydrographs: Flood hydrograph, base flow separation, Unit and S-hydrograph
   from simple and complex storms, synthetic and instantaneous unit hydrograph, Floods:
   flood discharge estimation, flood control, reservoir and channel routing, Groundwater
   Hydrology: Darcy’s Law- concept and applications, Well Hydraulics- Steady and
   unsteady state, Open Channel Flow: Types of open channels, classification of flows,
   continuity equation, concept of specific energy, critical depth, Chezy’s and Mannings
   equation, roughness coefficients, equivalent roughness, Hydraulically efficient channel
   cross sections, Gradually Varied Flow: Equations of GVF, Slope Profiles, Computations
   of GVF Profiles, Rapidly Varied Flow: Hydraulic Jump- Concept and computations,
   Principles of energy dissipation, Jump as Energy dissipaters, tail water rating curve and
   jump height curves, Irrigation: water requirements of crops: Soil moisture and cropwater relations, Consumptive use of water, duty and delta, irrigation efficiencies,
   computation of channel and reservoir capacity based on crop water requirements,
   irrigation methods, irrigation scheduling, Canals: Canal classification, Design of stable
   channels, regime theory and design of unlined canals, Water logging: Causes, preventive
   and curative measures, Water Resources Management: Water resources availability and
   demand; Water use sectors- Domestic, Industries and Agriculture; Sustainable water
   resources development, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).
10. Soil Mechanics:-
    Soil Properties: Soil mechanics, rock mechanics, foundation engineering, soil formation,
    soil structure, soil map of India, Basic definitions phase diagram, water content, specific
    gravity, void ratio, porosity, unit weight, weight volume relationships, index properties of
    soil and their determination, classification of soils, degree of saturation, density index,
    Permeability, Seepage: Darcy’s law and its validity, seepage velocity, discharge
    velocity, constant and variable head permea-meter, pumping in & out tests, permeability
    of stratified soils, factors affecting permeability, laplace’s equation flow potential flow net
    and its properties, different methods of drawing flownets, seepage pressure, quick sand,
    exit gradient, piping, design of filter, principle of total and effective stresses, capillarity
    conditions in soil, effective and pore pressures, Stress Distribution: Effective and pore
    pressures, Effective stress principle, Stress distribution in soil, assumption in elastic
    theories, Boussinesq’s equation for point, line, circular and rectangular loads,
    Westergaad’s formula for point load, comparison of Boussinesq’s and Westergaad’s
    equation, concept and use of pressure bulbs, principle and use of New mark’s influence
    chart, contact pressure, Compaction: Mechanism of compaction, objective of
    compaction, measurements of compaction, factors affecting compaction, optimum
    moisture content, Standard Proctor test, Modified Proctor test, effect of moisture content
    and compactive effort on dry density, zero air void curve, compaction of cohesion less
    soils, filed compaction, filed control of compaction, Consolidation: Mechanism of
    consolidation, (e-log) curves, basic definitions, estimation of pre consolidation pressure,
    normally consolidation and over consolidation ratio, Terzaghi’s theory of one dimensional
    consolidation, assumption, governing equation, standard solution, laboratory
    determination of consolidation properties of soil, magnitude and rate of consolidation,
    settlements, secondary consolidation, compression characteristics of clays and settlement
    analysis, Shear strength: Normal, shear and principal stresses, Columb’s equation,
    Mohr’s stress circle, Mohr-Columb failure criteria, laboratory determination of shear
    parameters of soil by direct shear tests, triaxial test, unconfined compression test, Vane
    shear test, Consolidated drained, consolidated undrained and unconsolidated undrained
    shear test, pore pressure parameters, Lambe’s p-q diagram.
11. Building Materials and Construction:-
    Basic Structural Building Materials: Principle Properties of Engineering materials:
    Physical & Mechanical, Clay product- Clay Brick and Tiles: Classification, tiles, Limes:
    Classification and applications, Cement: Composition, Types, Manufacturing of Ordinary
    Portland Cement, rate of hydration, special types, Fine and Coarse aggregate, Source,
    impurities, Classification, Characteristics, Timber: Classification, seasoning, defects,
    wood product and its applications, Transformed Material: Mortars: Classification,
    characteristics, functions of ingredient, Cement concrete and Special concrete: Types,
    Physical properties, Service Material: Ceramic products: Classification, refractories,
    glass, properties of ceramic materials, Ferrous and non-ferrous Metals and alloys:
    Properties, Uses, Paints, Distemper & Varnishing, Basic Constituents, Types,
    Composition, Defects, application, Structural Components of building and building
    specification: Foundation: Type, application, Masonry: Stone, brick and Confined,
    Types, Bonds, defects, Walls, Design Consideration, Constructional details, Types of load
    bearing and non-load bearing walls, Floor and Roofs, Type, Ground/ Upper; Flat/Slopped,
    Beam/Band-Plinth, sill, Lintel-Types and details, Stairs, Ramps- classification,
    application, Form work; Requirements, Load Applied, Scaffolding, Non Structural
    Components of building and building specification: Plastering, Pointing: Type,
    methods, defects, Doors and Windows, Ventilators: Locations, Sizes, types, Dampness
    and Water Proofing: Causes, Prevention methods, damp- proofing treatment, Materials
    used, Building service: Plumbing-Fitting, Fixture, System, Termite Proof; Materials used
    and Method of application, Fire protection, Fire safety requirement, Fire extinguishing
    equipment, Thermal Insulation: Basic definitions, Materials used, methods, Acoustics &
    Sound insulation: characteristics, sound insulation, Acoustical design, ventilation:
    functional requirement, systems.
12. GIS and Remote Sensing:-
    Remote Sensing: Remote sensing system; Physics of remote sensing, EMR
    characteristics and interaction in atmosphere and with ground objects, spectral properties
    of water bodies, vegetation, soil etc., resolution, sensors and platforms, types of
    resolution, image processing, classification, geometric and radiometric distortions, georeferencing, digital image processing, image enhancement, transformations and
    classification, visual interpretation techniques, applications of remote sensing for earth
    resource management, applications of optical and microwave remote sensing techniques
    in civil engineering, Geographic Information System: introduction to GIS, spatial data
    models, databases and database management systems, coordinate systems and geo
    referencing, GIS analysis functions, statistical modelling, digital elevation models and
    their applications, data visualization methods, exporting data modern trends in GIS,
    applications of GIS.
13. Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures:-
    Introduction: Seismic design Philosophy- Earthquake ground motions, inelastic seismic
    response, Theory of vibrations: Conversion of Structures into equivalent mathematical
    model for vibration analysis, Vibration of single, two and multi storey building frames,
    Earthquake resistant Reinforced concrete buildings: Codal provisions for design
    against earthquake IS: 1893-2016, IS: 13920-2016, Earthquake resistant Masonry
    buildings: Behaviour of masonry during earthquakes, codal provisions for earthquake
    resistant masonry, IS: 4326-2013, IS: 3827-1993, IS: 13828-1993.
14. Bridge Engineering:-
    Elements of bridge engineering: Definitions, components of bridge, classification,
    importance and Site Selection, water way, Site Selection, data drawing, design discharge
    linear water way, economical span, location of piers and abutments, vertical clearance
    above HFL scour depth, Traffic projection, investigation report choice of bridge type,
    selection of Bridge cross-section and longitudinal form, Characteristics of each type,
    Introduction to bridge codes, Design loads for Road and Railway bridges; General design
    consideration, Culverts: Design of R.C.C. slab culvert (Design of deck slab), Pipe culvert
    and Box culvert based on variety of IRC vehicle loading, RC Slab and Tee Girder
    Bridges: Design of solid deck slab, Longitudinal beam and Cross beam based on variety
    of IRC vehicle loading, Bridge Piers, Abutments, Wing-wall and approaches: Types
    and stability analysis of piers and abutments, Loads, abutments and wing wall design,
    Bridge Foundations: Types of Bridge foundations, Pile and well foundations, Bridge
    Bearings and expansion joints: Necessity of bearings, Types of bearings and expansion
    joints, Design of Elastomeric Bearings, Necessity and types of expansion joints.
15. Building Services:-
    Planning of building services: Classification of Buildings base on Occupancy,
    Consideration in Building Design, Standard of Accommodation, Plumbing: Common
    sanitary fixtures, Layout of Sanitary Fixtures, Water Pipe Sizing in Buildings, Foul Water
    Drainage in Buildings, Buildings Services Detailing, Lift and Escalator: Classification
    (Types), Lift codes and Rules, Structural Provisions, Design Features of Escalator,
    Acoustics and Ventilation: Material properties, acoustical design of assembly halls and
    buildings, noise and its control, measuring equipment, Ventilation: Ventilation systems,
    health and comfort ventilation, natural ventilation and its measurement, Fire protection
    and equipment, Illumination: Laws and principles of illumination, artificial and day
    lighting, Energy conservation in buildings, Electrical Wiring: Requirements in domestic,
    office and commercial buildings, Electric light sources- brief description, characteristics,
    Thermal Aspects of Building Services: Thermal environment in building and its control,
    factors involved, heat transfer building fabric, thermal properties of building and
    insulation materials, air conditioning systems, types, design, installation, Solar passive
    building planning.
16. Geo-synthetics & Ground Improvement Techniques:-
    Introduction: Geosynthetics, Types, Advantage and disadvantage, Basic characteristics,
    Raw material, Manufacturing processes, functions, Selection, Physical properties,
    Mechanical properties, Hydraulic properties, Endurance and degradation properties, Test
    and allowable properties, Applications: Retaining walls, Embankments, Shallow
    foundations, Roads, Unpaved roads, Paved roads, Railway tracks, filters and drains,
    Slopes, Erosion control, Stabilization, Containment facilities, Landfills, Ponds, Reservoir,
    Canals, Earth dams, Tunnels, Installation survivability requirements, Analysis and design
    concepts: Design methodologies, Retaining walls, Embankments, Shallow foundations,
    Roads, Unpaved Roads, Paved Roads, Railway tracks, Filters and drains, Slopes, Erosion
    control, stabilization, Containment facilities, Landfills, Ponds, reservoir, canals, Earth
    Dams, Tunnels, Application guidelines: General guidelines, care and consideration,
    Geosynthetic selection, Identification and inspection, Sampling and test methods,
    Protection before installation, Site preparation, Geosynthetic installation, Joints/seams,
    Cutting of geosynthetics, Protection during construction and service life, Damage
    assessment and correction, Anchorage, Prestressing, Maintenance, Certification, Handling
    the refuse of geosynthetics, Specific guidelines related to Retaining walls, Embankments,
    Shallow foundations, Unpaved Roads, Paved roads, Railway tracks, Filters and drains,
    Slopes- erosion control, slopes- stabilization, Containment facilities and Tunnels, Quality
    Field Performance Monitoring and Economic Analysis: Concepts of quality and its
    evaluation, Field performance monitoring, Economic evaluation- Concepts of cost
    analysis, Experiences of cost analysis, Selected case studies.
    Dewatering: Need and objectives of Ground Improvement, Classification of Ground
    Modification Techniques, Suitability and feasibility, Emerging Trends in ground
    improvement, methods of dewatering-sumps and interceptor ditches- single, multi stage
    well points- vacuum well point- Horizontal wells- foundation drains- blanket drainscriteria for selection of fill material around drains- Electro-osmosis, Grouting: Chemical
    grouting, commonly used chemicals, grouting systems, grouting operations, applications,
    compaction grouting, application and limitation, plant for preparing grouting materials,
    jet grouting, jet grouting process, geometry and properties of treated soils and
    applications, Compaction: Principles of compaction, Engineering behaviour of
    compacted clays, field compaction, techniques static vibratory, impact, Earth moving
    machinery, compaction control, Application to granular soils, cohesive soils, depth of
    improvement, Environmental considerations, induced settlements, compaction using
    vibratory probes, vibro techniques, vibro equipment, vibro compaction and replacement
    process, vibro systems and liquefaction, soil improvement by thermal treatment,
    preloading techniques, surface compaction, introduction to bio technical stabilization,
    Stabilization: Introduction to soil improvement by adding materials, lime, flyash, cement
    and other chemicals and bitumen, sand column, stone column, sand drains, prefabricated
    drains, lime column, soil-lime column, stabilization of soft clay or slit with lime, bearing
    capacity of lime treated soils, settlements of lime treated soils, improvement in slope
    stability, control methods, Expansive Soils: Problems of expansive soils- tests for
    identification- methods of determination of swell pressure, Improvement of expansive
    soils- Foundation techniques in expansive soils- under reamed piles.
17. Disaster Management:-
    Understanding Disasters: Understanding the concepts and definitions of Disasters,
    Hazard, Vulnerability, Risk, Capacity- Disaster and Development and disaster
    management Types, Trends, Causes, Consequences and Control of Disasters, Geological
    Disasters; Hydro-Meteorological Disasters, Biological Disasters and man-made Disasters
    Global Disaster Trends- Emerging Risks of Disasters- Climate change and Urban
    Disasters, Disasters Management Cycle and Framework: Disaster Management CycleParadigm shift in Disaster Management Pre-Disaster- Risk Assessment and Analysis,
    Risk Mapping, Zonation and Microzonation, Prevention and mitigation of Disasters, Early
    warning system; Preparedness, Capacity Development, Awareness During DisasterEvacuation- Disaster Communication- Search and Rescue- Emergency operation centreIncident Command System- Relief and Rehabilitation- Post-disaster- Damage and Needs
    Assessment, Restoration of Critical Infrastructure- Early Recovery- Reconstruction and
    Redevelopment; IDNDR, Yokohama Strategy, Hyogo Framework of action, Disaster
    Management in India: Disaster Profile of India- Mega Disasters of India and Lessons
    Learnt Disaster Management Act 2005- Institutional and Financial Mechanism National
    Policy on Disaster Management, National Guidelines and Plans on Disaster Management,
    Role of Government ( local, state and national), Non-Government and interGovernmental Agencies, Application of Science and Technology for Disaster
    Management: Geo-informatics in Disaster Management (Rs, GIS, GPS and RS) Disaster
    Communication System (Early Warning and its Dissemination) Land use Planning and
    Development Regulations Disaster Safe Designs and Constructions Structural and Non
    Structural Mitigation of Disasters S&T Institutions for Disaster Management in India.
18. Air Pollution Control:-
    Sources and effects of air pollutants: Classification of air pollutants- Particulates and
    gaseous pollutants- Sources of air pollution- Source inventory- Effects of air pollution on
    human beings, materials, vegetation, animals- global warming-ozone lay depletion,
    Sampling and Analysis- Basic Principles of Sampling- Source and ambient samplingAnalysis of pollutants- Principles , Dispersion of air pollutants: Elements of
    atmosphere- Meteorological factors- wind roses- Lapse rate- Atmospheric stability and
    turbulence- Plume rise- Dispersion of pollutants- Dispersion models- Applications, Air
    Pollution Control: Concepts of control- Principles and design of control measuresParticulates control by Gravitational, centrifugal, filtration, scrubbing, electrostatic
    precipitation- Selection criteria for equipment- gaseous pollutant control by adsorption,
    absorption, condensation, combustion- pollution control for specific major industries.
    PART-II-(60 Marks)
19. RCC Design:-
    Introduction: Type of loads and load combinations, Properties of concrete and
    reinforcing steel, design philosophies, limit state, ultimate load method, working stress
    method, Design of Flexural members (Beam and Slab) by Limit state Method: Design
    of Beams: Singly reinforced, doubly reinforced, rectangular, Flanged beams and lintels,
    Design of Slabs; One way, two way, flat slab, Design of Columns by limit state
    method: Design of short and long columns subjected to eccentric and axial loading,
    Design of Stair Cases: Types terms used, design of stairs spanning horizontally &
    longitudinally, Circular/ spiral doglegged, Open well stair, Design of Footings: Isolated
    and Combined footings.
20. Water Supply and Treatment:-
    Introduction: Scope and importance of Environmental Engineering and managementIntroduction to Environmental pollution- Impact on human health- Significant water
    quality parameters for Municipal water supplies, Standards and guidelines for water
    quality parameters, Demand and Sources of Water: Water Demand- population
    forecast- Water quality requirements- Sources and its yield for water requirements- Intake
    structures- water quality parameters and their significance in domestic use, Water
    Treatment: Design of treatment units such as aeration, sedimentation, coagulation and
    flocculation, filtration, Disinfection, water softening- Advanced water treatment methods,
    Water Distribution Systems: Pumps and pumping system- Pipes- Pipe appurtenancesTesting of water main- Distribution reservoirs- Distribution methods- Pipe network
    analysis- Planning of water supply project, Plumbing and fittings for Water Supply:
    House water connection, Design consideration for water piping system and storage of
    water in building, Rural Water Supply and Treatment: Water demand and treatment,
    techniques for rural area, water problems and remedial measures.
21. Foundation Engineering:-
    Stability Analysis: Stability of finite and infinite slopes, Types of failure, different
    factors for safety, determination of factor of safety by method of slices, Swedish circle,
    friction circle, Bishop method, Morgenstern Price method, Taylor’s stability number,
    location of critical circle, stability analysis of earth dam slopes for different conditions,
    design of filters and rock toe, Earth Pressure: Different types of earth pressure, States of
    plastic equilibrium, Rankine’s theory and Coulomb’s theory, influence of water table,
    surcharge, wall friction and deformation on earth pressure, application of Rankine’s
    theory and Coulomb’s theory to cohesionless and cohesive soils, Culmann’s graphical
    method, stability considerations for retaining walls, effect of earthquakes, design of
    retaining walls, Sheet Pile Walls: Different types of sheet pile walls, fixed and free earth
    support, design principles of anchored bulkheads, arching in tunnels, open cut strutting
    and sheeting, Foundations: Different types of loads on foundations, types of shallow and
    deep foundations, footings, rafts, piles, wells, selection of foundation type, dewatering of
    foundations, types of exploration, methods of boring, soil samples and sampling, Shallow
    Foundations: Bearing capacity, Terzaghi’s theory, effect of foundation size, shape,
    ground water table, determination bearing capacity from building codes, plate load test,
    penetration test, static and dynamic cone tests, Housel’s approach, bearing capacity of
    sands and clays, settlements analysis of foundation, permissible settlements, design
    principles, depth of foundation, principles of floating raft, foundations on non-uniform
    soils, Pile Foundations: Types of pile based on function, Materials and methods of
    construction, friction and end bearing piles, static formula, Engineering News and Hiley’s
    formula, group action, block failure, settlement of pile group in sand and clays, pile load
    test, negative skin friction, under-reamed piles, Well Foundations: Elements, forces on
    well, Lateral stability analysis, problem in sinking of wells and remedial measures.
22. Highway Engineering:-
    Road Development and Planning: Necessity of transportation planning, Classification
    of roads, Road patterns, Planning surveys, Highway planning and development in India,
    Highway Location and Alignment: Ideal alignment and factors controlling, Engineering
    survey for highway location, Drawing and reports, Highway projects, Highway
    Geometric Design: Highway cross-section elements, Sight distances, Design of
    horizontal alignment, Transition curves and vertical alignment, Design aspects of hill
    roads, Traffic Engineering: Traffic characteristics, Traffic Operation, Traffic studies and
    data collection, Design of intersections & rotaries, Signalling, Road markings and parking
    facilities, Pavement Design: Design factors, Pavement materials and their characteristic,
    Design of flexible pavement by CBR method, Group index and Burmister methods,
    Design of rigid pavements, Construction of Roads: Construction of water-bound
    macadam roads, Bituminous pavements, Cement concrete roads, Construction of joints in
    cement concrete pavement, Highway Maintenance: Pavement failure, maintenance
    techniques, Evaluation and strengthening of existing pavements.
23. Steel Structure:-
    Design of connections in steel structures: Bolted and welded connections, assumptions,
    Different types of joints, design of various types of bolted and welded connections
    subjected to direct loads and eccentric loads, Design of tension members: Selection of
    section, I.S. specifications, design of axially loaded tension members, design of members
    for axial tension and bending, end connections, design of lug angles and tension splices,
    Design of compression members: Theory of buckling, design of column, cross section
    (single and built up sections), design of angle struts, eccentrically loaded columns,
    column splices, lacings and battens, Design of beams: Lateral stability, design of single
    and built up beams, plated beams and curtailment of flange plates, Design of column
    bases and column footings: Slab base, gusseted base, and Grillage Foundation subjected
    to Axial & Eccentric loads, Design of Roof Trusses: Types of trusses, roofs and side
    coverage, types of loadings and load combinations, design of members and connections,
    Design of Plate Girder and Gantry Girder: Design of section, stiffeners, splices, design
    of built up Gantry Girder.
24. Railways and Airports:-
    Planning of Railways: Significance of Road, Rail, Air and Water transports Coordination
    of all modes to achieve sustainability, Route alignment surveys, Soil suitability analysis,
    Railway stations and yards, passengers amenities, Railway Design: Elements of
    permanent way Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, rail fixtures and fastenings, Track Stress, coning
    of wheels, creep in rails, signalling and interlocking, Geometric design of railways,
    gradient, super elevation, Points and Crossings, Airport Planning: Air transport
    characteristics-airport classification- air port planning: Objectives, components, layout
    characteristics, criteria for airport site selection and ICAO stipulations, Typical airport
    layouts, Parking and circulation area, Airport Zones, Passenger facilities and Services,
    Airport Design: Runway Design: Orientation, Wind Rose Diagram, Runway length,
    Geometric design of runways, Configuration and Pavement Design Principles, Elements
    of Taxiway Design, Runway and Taxiway Makings and lighting.
25. Waste Water Treatment and Management:-
    Wastewater Generation, Collection & Conveyance: Wastewater QuantityClassification of wastewater- Sewerage system for domestic wastewater and storm waterCollections, and appurtenances- Design and layout of sewerage systems- Maintenance of
    sewerage systems- Physical, Chemical & Biological characteristics and their significance,
    Primary Treatment of Wastewater: Objectives of Wastewater treatment- Treatment
    methods: Unit Operations and Processes Design criteria- Design of primary treatment
    system, Secondary Treatment of Wastewater: Concepts of Biological treatment and
    removal mechanism- Aerobic and Anaerobic Systems- Design of suspended and attached
    growth processes- introduction to extended aeration processes and waste stabilization
    pond- Design of anaerobic system, House Drainage & Environmental Sanitation:
    General Principles, House drainage system- traps and sanitary fitting- Low cost sanitation
    system, Wastewater Disposal: Alternative disposal methods- Self Purification of streamStandards for disposal alternatives, Natural purification of polluted streams, Sludge
    Handling: Quantity and quality of sludge, Methods of sludge treatment: sludge digestion
    and drying beds- Disposal of sludges.
26. Design of Hydraulic structures:-
    Reservoir Planning: Investigations, layout, selection of site for hydraulic structures, life
    of Reservoir, Structures of Permeable foundations: Bligh’s creep theory, limitations,
    Khoslas’s theory of independent variable, Khosla’s corrections, Canal head Works,
    Design of Weir and Barrages, Canal structures: Design of canal falls, Regulators, Cross
    drainage works: Selection, design aspects of aqueducts, siphon aqueducts, supper
    passages, canal siphon and level crossings, Earth Dams: Types, causes of failure, soils
    suitability for earth dam construction, typical earth dam sections, estimation of seepage
    through and below the dam, seepage control, stability of slopes, Gravity dams: Design
    Criteria, forces acting on gravity dams, elementary profile, Forces on gravity dams,
    stability analysis, Spillways and Energy dissipaters: Purpose, different types, details of
    ogee, siphon, shaft, chute and side channel spillways, design aspects, Principles of energy
    dissipation, Energy dissipaters based on water curve and jump height curves.
27. CPM and PERT:-
    Construction Management: Significance, Objectives and functions, resources for
    construction industry, stages in construction, Civil Engineering drawings, work
    breakdown structure, Pre-tender stage planning, contract stage planning, scheduling, bar
    charts, limitations of bar charts, milestone charts, preparation of material, equipment,
    labour, and finance schedule, Construction Contracts & Specifications: Types of
    contracts, contract document, specifications, important conditions of contract, arbitration,
    Construction Organization: Principles of organization, communication in organization,
    types of organization, temporary services, job layout, Critical Path Method: Network
    techniques, element of a network, rules for developing networks, development logics,
    numbering events, times computations, activity floats, network updating, Resources
    profile, resources smoothing and resources levelling, Cost-Time Analysis: Cost versus
    time, direct cost, indirect cost, total project cost, optimum duration, contracting network
    for cost optimization, Programme Evaluation and Review Technique: Probability
    concept in network, optimistic time, Pessimistic time, most likely time, variance, standard
    deviation, slack, central limit theorem, probability of achieving completion time.
28. Urban Transportation Planning:-
    Elements of Traffic Engineering: Road user, vehicle and road way, Vehicle
    characteristics, Design speed, volume, Highway capacity and levels of service, PCU
    Concept and its limitations, Road user facilities-Parking facilities, Cycle tracks and
    cycleways, Pedestrian facilities, Traffic Volume Studies: Traffic volume studies, origin
    destination studies, speed studies, travel time and delay studies, Parking studies, Accident
    studies, Traffic Regulation and control:
    Signs and markings- Traffic System Management- Design of at-grade, intersections,
    Channelization, Design of rotaries, Traffic signals, Urban Transportation Planning:
    Trip generation, Trip distribution, Modal Split, Traffic assignment, Public
    Transportation: Role and design concept of various modes of public transportation
    within an urban area, Application of probability and Statistics in Transportation
    Planning: Common probabilistic and statistical distribution functions, Concept of Traffic
    flow modelling and simulation, Introduction to ITS: Benefits of ITS, ITS Data
    collection techniques- Detectors, Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL), Automatic Vehicle
    Identification (AVI), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), video data collection.
29. Harbor Dock and Tunnel Engineering:-
    Planning of Harbor: Classification of harbours, major ports in India, administrative set
    up, harbour economics, Harbor components, ship characteristics, characteristics of good
    harbour, and principles of harbour planning, size of harbour, site selection criteria and
    layout of harbors, Natural Phenomena: Wind, waves tides and currents phenomena, their
    generation characteristics and effects on marine structures, silting, erosion and littoral
    drift, Marine Structure: General design aspects, breakwaters- functions, types general
    design principles, wharves, quays, jetties, piers, pier heads, dolphin, fenders, mooring
    accessories- functions, types, suitability, design and construction features, Docks and
    Locks: Tidal basin, wet docks-purpose, design consideration, operation of lock gates and
    passages, repair docks- graving docks, floating docks, marine railway, Port Amenities:
    Ferry, transfer bridges, floating landing stages, and transit sheds, and transit sheds, ware
    house , cold storage, aprons, cargo handling equipments, purpose and general description,
    Navigation Aids: Channel and entrance demarcation, buoys, beacons, light house
    electronic communication devices, Harbor Maintenance: Costal protection- purpose and
    devices, dredging-capital and maintenance dredging, purpose, methods dredgers- types,
    suitability, disposal of dredged material, Tunneling: Alignment, drainage, methods of
    construction, lighting and ventilation.
30. Solid Waste Management:-
    Evolution of Solid Waste Management: Introduction: Solid waste- A consequence of
    life, Municipal Solid Waste: Generation, Rate Variation, Characteristics (Physical,
    Biological & Chemical); Engineering Principles: Management Options for Solid Waste,
    Waste Reduction at the Source, Collection Techniques, Materials and Resources
    Recovery/Recycling, Waste Handling and Separation: Transport of Municipal Solid
    Waste, Routing and Scheduling, Treatment, Transformations, Disposal of Solid waste
    and Residue Matter: Disposal Techniques (Composting, Vermi Composting,
    Incineration, Refuse Derived fuels, Landfilling), Sources, Types and Properties of
    Hazardous waste: Hazardous Solid Waste: Generation, Rate Variation, Characteristics
    (Physical, Biological & Chemical), Hazardous Waste Management: Hazardous waste
    management: Exposure and risk assessment, environment legislation, characterization
    and site assessment, waste minimization, incineration, transportation, storage, landfill
    disposal.
31. Environmental Impact Assessment:-
    Introduction: Environment and its components; Concept of Ecological imbalances,
    Elements of Environmental Analysis; Current screening process in India; Carrying
    capacity and sustainable development, evolution of Environmental Impact Assessment
    (EIA), A step by-step procedure for developing; EIA; Pubic construction; Post
    monitoring; Impact Case Studies of Industrial EIA and Water resources projects; Brief
    introduction about Environment legislation and Environment Audit, Methodologies:
    Criteria for the selection of EIA Methodology, EIA Methods, Predictive Models for
    impact assessment, Prediction and Assessment of impacts on Soil and Ground Water
    Environment: Soil and Ground water, Methodology for the Predictive and Assessment of
    Impact on soil and Ground water, Prediction and Assessment of Impacts on Surface
    Water Environment: Sources which create Impact concern for the Surface water
    Environment, Systematic Methods for Evaluation of Impact of Various Developmental
    Activities on Surface Water Environment, Prediction and Assessment of Impacts on
    Biological Environment: Methodology for the Assessment of impacts on Biological
    Environment, Systematic Approach for Evaluation Biological Impacts, Prediction and
    Assessment of Impacts on Air Environment: Sources of Air Pollution, Methods for
    Assessment of Air pollution impact, Prediction and Assessment of Impacts on Noise
    Environment: Types of Noise, measurements, Effects, and Methods of Assessing Impact
    of Noise, Prediction and Assessment of Impacts of Socio-Economic and Human
    Health Impacts: Social Assessment, Conceptual Frame work for Socio- Economic
    Assessment, Assessment of Impacts of Project activities on Human Health, Methodology,
    Assessment of Impacts of Project Activities on Traffic and Transport Systems,
    Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for EIA: Concepts of Environmental Remote
    Sensing, GIS Concept and techniques, Application of Environmental Remote Sensing for
    EIA, Application of GIS for EIA, GIS Environmental Impact Assessment, Possible
    Approaches, Resource Implications, GIS in Screening, Scoping and Baselines Studies,
    Database for GIS.
32. Groundwater Engineering:-
    Hydrogeological Parameters: Introduction- Water bearing Properties of Rock- Type of
    aquifer- Aquifer properties- permeability, specific yield, transmissivity and storage
    coefficient- Methods of Estimation- Ground water table fluctuation and its interpretationsGroundwater development and potential in India, Well Hydraulics: Objectives of
    Groundwater hydraulics- Darcy’s Law- Groundwater equation- steady state flow- DupuitForchheimer Assumption- Unsteady state flow- Theis method- Jacob method- Slug testImage well theory- Partial penetrations of wells, Groundwater Management: Need for
    management model- Database for groundwater management- groundwater balance studyIntroduction to Mathematical model conjunctive use- Collector well and Infiltration
    gallery, Groundwater Quality: Ground water chemistry- Origin, movement and qualitywater quality standards- Health and aesthetic aspects of water quality- Saline intrusionEnvironmental concern and Regulatory requirements.
33. Hydro Power Engineering:-
    Turbo Machinery: Governing Equations, Hydrodynamic forces of jets on vanes,
    Turbines, Classification, impulse and reaction turbines, characteristics curves, draft tubes,
    governing of turbines, specific speed, unit quantities concept, cavitations, Pumps:
    classification, work done, minimum starting speed, losses and efficiencies, specific speed,
    multistage pumps, Cavitation in pumps, Hydro Power Development: Sources of energy
    and their comparative study, investigations and studies for hydropower development,
    estimation of available water power, flow and power duration curves, firm power and
    secondary power, plant capacity, installed capacity, constraints in hydropower
    development operation and maintenance of hydropower plants, small hydropower
    development, Classification of hydro-power plants based on storage characteristics,
    operating head, load, capacity, Principle components of hydro-electric scheme, Storage
    and pondage, economic analysis of storage capacity, aspects of cost allocation for
    different purposes, reservoir operation using flow duration and flow mass curves,
    Hydroelectric Plants: Layout of hydropower plants, types of power houses, various
    components, investigations and studies, safety requirements, Storages zones of a
    reservoir, reservoir sedimentation, trap efficiency, life of a reservoir, principle of
    desilting, design of desilting basins, Alignment and location of various type of intakes,
    trashracks, design of intake structures, Conveyance channels and tunnels, water harmer,
    surge tanks, design of surge tanks, penstocks classification and layout, hydraulic design of
    penstocks, hydraulic valves and gates, tail race channels, Economics of Hydro power
    installation: Engineering feasibility, political consideration, economic feasibility,
    analysis of cost of hydro power, preparation of pre-feasibility report, detailed project
    report, cost and estimate report.

Syllabus for the post of Veterinary Officer in the department of animal husbandry

Paper-II

1
Part I (60 marks)

1. ANIMAL NUTRITION
   Importance of nutrients in animal production and health; Composition of animal body and plants;
   nutritional terms and their definitions; Nutritional aspect of carbohydrates, protein and fats; Role and requirement of water, metabolic water; Importance of minerals (major and trace elements) and vitamins in health and production, their requirements and supplementation in feed; Common feeds and fodders, their classification, availability and importance for livestock and poultry production; Measures of food energy and their applications – gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy, total digestible nutrients, starch equivalent, food units, physiological fuel value; Direct and indirect calorimetry, carbon and nitrogen balance studies’ Protein evaluation of
   feeds – Measures of protein quality in ruminants and non-ruminants, biological value of protein, protein efficiency ratio, protein equivalent, digestible crude protein; Calorie protein ratio; Nutritive ratio; Processing of concentrates and roughages; Various physical, chemical and biological methods for improving the nutritive value of inferior quality roughages; Preparation, storage and conservation of livestock feed through silage and hay and their uses in livestock feeding; Harmful natural constituents and common adulterants of feeds and fodders; Feed additives in the rations of livestock and poultry and their uses; Importance of scientific feeding; Feeding experiments; Digestion and
   metabolism trial; Norms adopted in conducting digestion trial; Measurement of digestibility; Factors affecting digestibility of a feed; Feeding standards, their uses and significance, merit and demerits of various feeding standards with reference to ruminants; Balanced ration and its characteristics; Nutrient requirements and methods for assessing the energy and protein requirements for maintenance and production in terms of growth, reproduction, milk, meat, wool and draft purpose; General principles of computation of rations; Formulation of rations and feeding of dairy cattle and buffaloes during different phases of growth and production (neonate, young, adult, pregnant,
   lactating and dry animals; breeding bull) and working animals; Formulation of ration and feeding of sheep and goat during different phases of growth and production (milk, meat and wool); Feeding of high yielding animals and role of bypass nutrients; Metabolic disorders and nutritional interventions; Use of NPN compound for ruminants; Nutrient requirements in poultry, swine and equine – Energy and protein requirement for maintenance and production; Methods adopted for arriving at energy and protein requirements for maintenance and production in terms of growth, reproduction and production (egg, meat and work); Feeding standards for non-ruminants and poultry Formulation of rations as per Bureau of Indian Standards and Indian Council of Agricultural Research specifications; Feeding of swine (Piglets, Growers, Lactating and pregnant sows, Breeding boar, Fattening animals),
   equine (foal, yearling, broodmare, stallion and race horses) and poultry (Starter, Growers, Broilers, Layers) with conventional and unconventional feed ingredients; Feeding of ducks, quails, turkeys and laboratory animals; Nutrient requirements of mice, rat, rabbit and guinea pig; Diet formulation, preparation and feeding of rabbits and laboratory animals; Nutrient requirement and feeding of different categories of dogs and cats; peculiarities of feeding cats; Feeding of wild animals and birds in captivity; Metabolic disorders and nutritional intervention. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Demographic distribution of livestock and role in Indian economy; Problems and prospects of livestock industry in India, Common farm management practices including disinfection, isolation, quarantine and disposal of carcass; Introduction to methods of drug administration; Common vices of animals (Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat,), their prevention and care; Livestock production systems, Animal holding and land holding patterns in different agroclimatic zones; Organic livestock production; Judging and BCS for body parts of livestock, Preparation of animals
   for show, Culling of animals, Agronomical Practices for fodder production, Structures for storage of feeds and fodders; Scarcity fodders and preservation of green fodder, Recycling of animal washings and wastes in fodders production and use of recycle waste, Housing systems, layout and design of different buildings for animals, Selection of site; General principles affecting the design and construction of building for housing for various livestock species, Arrangements of the building with special reference to Indian conditions, Utilization of local materials, Building materials used for construction of wall, roof and floor of animal houses, their characteristics, merits and demerits, Breeds of cattle and buffalo and descriptions of important breeds, Economic traits of cattle and
   buffaloes, General management and feeding practices of calves, heifers, pregnant, lactating and dry animals, bulls and working animals; Draught ability of cattle and buffaloes, Raising of buffalo males for meat production, Routine animal farm operations and labour management; Animal farm accounts and records, Methods of milking and precautions, Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk production; Clean milk production; Breeds of sheep and goat and their descriptions; Important economic traits for meat, milk and fibre; General management and feeding practices during different stages of growth, development and production (milk, meat and wool); Breeding schedule and management of ram and buck; Weaning and fattening of lambs and kids, Status and conservation practices of wild life in India, Basic principles of habitat and housing of various classes of wild zoo animals; Size and space requirement (dimension) of cubicles, enclosures of important wild zoo animals; Management of livestock in fringe areas, in and surrounding the breeding areas, Feeding habits, feeds and feeding schedules of captive animals, Restraining, capture, handling, physical examination of captive animals; Classification of zoos, management of sanctuaries, national parks etc.; Acts and Rules related to captive animals; National and international organization and institutions interlinked to captive animals role and functioning; Definition of animal welfare and ethics; Human and animal welfare in relation to ecosystem and environmental factors, Role of veterinarians in animal welfare; Animal welfare organizations, Animal Welfare Board of India – their role, functions and current status; Rules, regulations, laws on animal welfare; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 {59 of 1960); Role and function of Committee for the Purpose of Controlling and Supervising Experiments in Animals (CPCSEA); Protection of wild life in nature and captivity; Protection and welfare of performing animals, Welfare of animals during transportation; Animal welfare in commercial livestock farming practices; Protection and welfare of working animals; Pet and companion animal welfare; Animal welfare during natural calamities and disaster management; Legal duties of veterinarians, Common offences against animals and laws related to these offences, Provincial and Central Acts relating to animals; Laws relating to offences affecting Public Health; Livestock Importation Act Evidence, liability and insurance; Code of Conduct and Ethics for veterinarians – the Regulations made under the Act, Classification of poultry with respect to production characters, age and standards; Production characters of other avian species; Description of indigenous fowls and their value in rural farming; Specific strains developed for rural poultry production; their acceptability and importance in rural eco-system Brooding management – Types of
   brooders – preparation of shed – Importance of environmental factors; Housing –Types of poultry houses – space requirements; Recent advances in housing systems and rearing systems; Scavenging system of management – Low input technology – Backyard and semi-intensive units; their management and economic achievements; Deep litter management – control of litter-borne diseases and recycling of litter; Cage management –Different types of cages and their Advantages and disadvantages; Management of growers and layers; Management of broilers and breeders;
   Feeding management in poultry–Classification of nutrients – Nutrient requirements and feed formulations; Feeding systems–Feed restrictions – phase feeding – Additives and supplements; Breeding systems and methods of mating; Selection and culling; Breeding for specific characters and for hybrid chicken production; Poultry judging; Egg structure – Physical and chemical composition; Bio-security and principles of disease prevention management; Health care for common poultry diseases – vaccination; General principles of poultry medication, Principles of incubation and hatchery management practices; Factors affecting fertility and hatchability, selection and care of
   hatching eggs and hatchery hygiene; Candling, sexing, grading, packing and disposal of hatchery waste, Economics of hatchery business – Troubleshooting hatchery failures–Computer applications in hatchery management, Poultry waste management, pollution and environmental issues; Organic and hill farming; Mixed or integrated poultry farming Vertical & horizontal integration in commercial poultry production – Contract farming; Export or import of poultry produce and marketing; Management of ducks, geese, turkeys, Japanese quails, guinea fowls etc., Importance and selection of laboratory animal, care and housing standards of mice, rats, hamster and guinea pigs, General considerations on feeding and breeding of laboratory animals; Concept of production of specific pathogen free and germ free laboratory animals; Scope of rabbit farming in the country, breeds and their distributions in India; Selection, care and management of rabbit breeding stock for commercial purpose; Identification, care and management of kindling animals; Care of new born, growing stock, Breeding and selection techniques for optimal production of rabbit; Feeds and feeding for rabbit production; Hygienic care and Housing for rabbit production; Disposal, utilization and recycling of waste etc.; Preparing projects for micro (Backyard), mini and major rabbit farms; Important breeds of dogs, cats and pet birds; Feeding of dogs, cats and pet birds, Dog show: preparation for show, kennel clubs, important characteristics for judgment; Utility of dogs- guarding, defense, patrolling, riot control, scouting, espionage, mine detection, tracking, guiding, hunting, races, retrieving rescue and other uses, Scope of swine farming in the country; Demography of swine population; Selection and breeding techniques in swine; Important breeds (exotic and indigenous) & their characteristics; Housing and feeding of swine; Management of different categories of swine for optimal production: breeding and pregnant sows; sows at farrowing and after farrowing: pig-lets, growing stock, Lactating sows, feedlot stock; Equine population of India; Horses, donkeys and mules and their utility; Colors and markings and Identification of breeds of horses; Dentition and ageing of horses; Care and routine management of equines including grooming, saddling and exercise; Stable and its management; Vices of horses, Foot care and shoeing care; Feeding routine for horse, donkeys and mules; Care of stallion; Mating of horses, brood mare and its care; Foaling and care of newborn; Care of Breeding mules; Care of race horses and preparing horses for show, Doping and its detection; Colic and its prevention, Common breeds of camel in India and their utility, peculiarities in camel, Feeding schedule of camel, rutting symptoms in camel, Vices of camel; Care of breeding in camel, pregnancy and parturition of camel, Population statistics and utility, peculiarities of yak; Feeding
   and breeding of Mithun or Yaks Yak × cattle crossing, hybrids from Mithun or Yaks and their adaptation to high altitude, milk composition of Mithun or Yaks.
2. VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY
   Properties of blood as a body fluid, metabolism and fate of R.B.C; Hemoglobin-chemical structure,
   synthesis, physiological functions, derivatives of hemoglobin; Heart-morphological characteristic, systemic excitability conduction and transmission processes; Cardiac Cycle, regulation of cardiac output; coronary circulation; properties of pulse; metabolism and energetic of working myocardial cell, extrinsic and intrinsic regulation; Electrocardiograph, Echocardiography, haemostasis; Haemodynamics of circulation, circulatory mechanics, resistance to flow, vasoconstriction, nervous and circulating fluid volume controls of blood pressure, neurohormonal control of vascular smooth muscle; Circulatory controls- shock stresses, regional and fetal circulation, capillary exchange, control of blood pressure, adjustment of circulation during exercise; Muscle Physiology-basic muscle unit characteristic-electrical phenomenon in muscle cell – muscle action potential, types of muscle contraction, phenomenon of fatigue, rigor mortis, organization of nervous system, Major function systemsensory, consciousness, emotion, motor and visceral control and basic functional unit – neuron structure, typefunctional characteristics of sub-units of neuron; Membrane potential -ionic basis of resting membrane potential (RMP) nerve action potential, excitation and propagation of impulse characteristics- latent period- refractive-ness, threshold level-all and none characteristics, Degeneration and regeneration of nerve fibre, Synaptic and junctional transmission, reflexes-control of posture and movements, autonomic nervous system and visceral control, Neurotransmitter wakefulness, sleep cycle, Higher function of neurons system – learning, memory, electroencephalography; Sense organs and receptors physiology of special senses- Eye: functional morphology, nourishment and protection neural pathway, receptors- optics, ocular muscles and movements, photochemistry, Vision defects, Physiology of hearing and common hearing impairment; Vestibule apparatus; Physiology of olfaction and taste, Morphological characteristic of mono gastric and poly gastric digestive system; Prehension, rumination; defecation; vomition; regulation of secretory function of saliva, stomach, intestine, pancreas; bile secretion; hunger, appetite control,developmental aspects of digestion; luminous, membranous and microbial
   digestion in rumen and intestine; permeability characteristics of intestine, forces governing absorption, control intestinal transport of electrolyte and water, enzymatic digestion in monogastric and fermentative digestion in rumen, modification of toxic substances in rumen; Digestion in birds, Functional morphology of respiratory apparatus, Mechanics of breathing, Transport of blood gases, foetal and neonatal oxygen transport, dissociation curves, pressures, recoil tendency, elasticity, surfactants, pleural liquid, compliance, exchanges of gases in lungs and tissues, neural and chemical regulation of breathing, diffusion, perfusion, hypoxia, Frictional resistance to air flow, airways smooth muscle contraction, respiratory muscle work, panting, adaptation of respiration during muscle exercise, high altitude hypoxia, Non-respiratory lung functions; Respiration in birds, Functional morphology of nephrons, factors determining filtration pressure, determination of glomerular, filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow – Re-absorption mechanisms for glucose, protein, amino acids, electrolytes; ammonium mechanism, glomerulo-tubular balance, methods of studying renal functions; urine concentration; micturition, uremia; Fluid, water balance, fluid therapy, dehydration, water concentration mechanisms; Acid base balance and H+ regulation, correction and evolution of imbalances, total osmotic pressure; Formation and excretion of urine of Birds; Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluids – composition, formation and flow; regulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis; Hormone cell interaction, sub-cellular mechanisms-metabolism of hormones-methods of study of
   endocrine system; Receptors- mechanism of regulation; Chemistry of hypothalamo- hypophyseal hormones, target organ, pineal, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, adrenal, prostaglandins, hormones of calcium metabolism, disorders, rennin-angiotensin system, atrial natriuretic factors, erythropoietin, GI hormones, pheromones, Genetic and endocrine control of gonadal development, modification of gonadotrophin release, ovarian functions, follicular development, dynamics, endocrine and receptor profiles, sexual receptivity, ovarian cycle, post-partum ovarian activity, ovum transport, capacitation, fertilization, reproductive cycles in farm animals- hormones present in the biological fluids during pregnancy and their uses for the diagnosis of pregnancy- maternal foetal placental participation in pregnancy and parturition, immunology of gestation, preparturient endocrine status; Spermatogenic
   cycle and wave- function of sertoli cell-leydig cell-semen – composition- evaluation; Testosterone -function and regulation – cryptorchidism; Puberty – photoperiod – uses of androgens, progestogens, estrogens, Functional and metabolic organization of mammary glands – structure and development; effect of estrogens and progesterone; hormonal control of mammary growth; lactogenesis and galctogenesis; biosynthesis of milk constituents secretion of milk, and metabolism, prolactin and lactation cycle, Biochemical and genetic determinants of growth, regulation of growth, metabolic and hormone interactions, factors affecting efficiency of growth and production in ruminants and
   single stomach animals, Growth in meat producing animals and birds, growth curves, Recombinant gene transfer technologies for growth manipulation- advantages and limitations; Protein deposition in animals and poultry, Heat balance, heat tolerance, hypothermia, hyperthermia, thermo-regulation in farm animals, role of skin, responses of animals to heat and cold, fever, body temperature and hibernation, Temperature regulation in birds, Climatology various parameters and their importance, Effect of different environmental variables like temperature, humidity, light, radiation, altitude on animal performance, acclimatization – general adaptive syndrome, Clinical aspects of endocrine – reproductive functions, circadian rhythm, Neurophysiology of behaviours, types of behaviour,
   communication, Learning and memory behavioural plasticity.
3. VETERINARY BIOCHEMISTRY
   Structure of Biological Membranes and Transport across Membranes, Donnan Membrane quilibrium;
   Dissociation of Acids, pH, Buffer Systems, Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation; Biochemistry of Carbohydrates: Biological Significance of Important Monosaccharides(Ribose, Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mannose and Amino Sugars), Disaccharides (Maltose, Isomaltose, Lactose, Sucrose and Cellobiose), Polysaccharides, (Starch, Dextrins, Dextrans, Glycogen, Cellulose, Inulin, Chitin), and Mucopolysaccharides Including Bacterial Cell Wall Polysaccharides; Biochemistry of lipids: Properties and biological significance of simple, compound and derived lipids and lipoproteins, Fat indices, Structure and functions of prostaglandins, Classification, Structure, Properties and Biological significance of proteins, Amino acids: Structure and classification; Physical and chemical properties
   of amino acids – amphoteric nature, optical activity, and peptide bond formation; Biochemistry of nucleic acids: Chemistry of purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides; Structures and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and a typical ribonucleic acid (RNA), Enzymes: Definition and classification; Coenzymes, cofactors and isoenzymes; Protein nature, enzyme substrate complex formation, modern concept of the active center of enzyme; Specificity of enzyme action: Substrate specificity, group specificity, stereo or optical specificity; Factors influencing enzyme action: Effects of temperature, pH, concentration of substrate and enzyme; Enzyme units: International Units, katal, turnover number and specific activity, Enzyme inhibition: Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive inhibition and suicidal inhibition; Allosteric enzymes, Biological oxidation: Enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxidation and reduction; Respiratory chain or electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors, uncouplers and other factors influencing electron transport chain, Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, HMP shunt, gluconeogenesis, Cori cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, Bioenergetics of carbohydrate metabolism; Lipid metabolism: Beta oxidation of fatty acids, ketone body formation, biosynthesis of fatty acids; Bioenergetics of lipid metabolism, Protein metabolism: Biosynthesis and Degradation; Deamination, transamination
   and decarboxylation of amino acids, Ammonia transport and urea cycle, Nucleic acid metabolism: Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines; DNA and RNA biosynthesis and regulation, Regulation and Integration of metabolism, Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, Ketosis, Bovine Ketosis, Pregnancy toxemia, hypoglycaemia in baby pigs, hyperinsulinism in Dogs; Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism and regulation of blood sugar, tests for the detection of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism; Plasma Proteins and clinical significance, Proteins and Dysproteinemias, Acute Phase proteins, Lipid Profile in disease diagnosis; Diagnostic importance of non-functional plasma enzymes and Isoenzymes, Liver function tests – Classification -Biochemical tests for differential diagnosis; Biochemical tests of renal function – Urine analysis – Role of BUN, Uric acid and
   Creatinine in diagnosis; Disturbance in acid base balance and its diagnosis, Biochemistry of oxidative stress and shock, Detoxification in the body: Metabolism of xenobiotics, General reactions for biotransformation of different groups of substances, Cytochrome p450 system of enzymes.
4. ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING
   Introduction and importance of statistics and biostatistics; Classification and tabulation of data; Parameter,
   Statistic and Observation; Graphical and diagrammatic representation of data; Measures of Central tendency (simple
   and grouped data); Measures of Dispersion (simple and grouped data); Probability and probability distributions:
   Binomial, Poisson and Normal; Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis; Correlation and Regression; Introduction of
   sampling methods; Tests of hypothesis- t and Z- tests, Chi-square test; Design of experiment- Completely
   randomized design (CRD), Randomized block design (RBD); Analysis of variance and F-test of significance;
   Introduction to Non-parametric tests; Introduction to computer languages; Data Base Management; Review of MSOffice and its components (MS-Word, Excel, Power Point and Access); Analysis of data using MS-Excel; Concepts
   of computer networks, internet & e-mail; Animal Genetics: History of Genetics; Mitosis and Meiosis; Chromosome
   numbers and types in livestock and poultry, Overview of Mendelian principles; Modified Mendelian inheritance;
   Pleiotropy, Penetrance and expressivity; Multiple alleles; lethals; sex-linked, sex limited and sex influenced
   inheritance; Sex determination; Linkage, crossing over and construction of linkage map; Mutation, Chromosomal
   aberrations; Cytogenetics, Extra-chromosomal inheritance; Molecular genetics, nucleic acids-structure and function;
   Gene concept, DNA and its replication; Introduction tomolecular techniques; Population Genetics: Introduction to
   population genetics; individual vors population; Genetic structure of population: Gene and genotypic frequency;
   Hardy – Weinberg law and its application; Forces changing gene and genotypic frequencies (eg Mutation, migration,
   selection and drift); Quantitative vors qualitative genetics; concept of average effect and breeding value;
   Components of Variance; Concept of correlation and interaction between Genotype and Environment; Heritability
   and Repeatability; Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations; History of Animal Breeding; Classification of breeds;
   Economic characters of livestock and poultry and their importance; Selection, types of selection, response to
   selection and factors affecting it; Bases of selection: individual, pedigree, family, sib, progeny and combined,
   indirect selection; Method of selection, Single and Multi trait; Classification of mating systems; Inbreeding
   coefficient and coefficient of relationship; Genetic and phenotypic consequences of inbreeding, inbreeding
   depression, application of inbreeding; Out breeding and its different forms; Genetic and phenotypic consequences of
   outbreeding, application of outbreeding, heterosis; Systems of utilization of heterosis; Selection for combining
   ability (RS and RRS); Breeding strategies for the improvement of dairy cattle and buffalo; Breeding strategies for
   the improvement of sheep, goat, swine and poultry; Sire evaluation; Open nucleus breeding system (ONBS);
   Development of new breeds or strains; Current livestock and poultry breeding policies and programmes in the state
   and country; Methods of conservation- livestock and poultry conservation programmes in the state and country;
   Application of reproductive and biotechnological tools for genetic improvement of livestock and poultry; Breeding
   for disease resistance; Breeding of pet, zoo and wild animals: Classification of dog and cat breeds; Pedigree sheet,
   selection of breeds and major breed traits; Breeding management of dogs and cats; Common pet birds seen in India
   and their breeding management; Population dynamics and effective population size of wild animals in
   captivityorzooornatural habitats; Planned breeding of wild animals; Controlled breeding and assisted reproduction;
   Breeding for conservation of wild animals.
5. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY
   Retrospect and prospects of milk industry in India; Layout of milk processing plant and its management;
   Composition and nutritive value of milk and factors affecting composition of milk; Physico-chemical properties of
   milk; Microbiological deterioration of milk and milk products; Collection, chilling, standardization, pasteurization,
   UHT treatment, homogenization, bactofugation; Dried, dehydrated and fermented milk; Introduction to functional
   milk products; Preparation of cream, butter, paneer or channa, ghee, khoa, lassi, dahi, ice-cream, mozzarella cheese
   and dairy byproducts; Common defects of milk products and their remedial measures; Packaging, transportation,
   storage and distribution of milk and milk products; Good manufacturing practices and implementation of HACCP in
   milk plant; Organic milk products; Food safety standards for milk and milk products; Cleaning and sanitation in
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   milk plant; Dairy effluent management; Introduction to wool, fur, pelt and specialty fibers with respect to processing
   industry; Glossary of terms of wool processing; Basic structure and development of wool follicle; Post shearing
   operations of wool, classification and grading of wool, physical and chemical properties of wool; Impurity of wool,
   factors influencing the quality of wool; Brief outline of processing of wool; Layout and management of rural, urban
   and modern abattoirs; HACCP concepts in abattoir management; FSSA standards on organization and layout of
   abattoirs; Animal welfare and pre-slaughter care, handling and transport of meat animals including poultry;
   Procedures of Ante-mortem and post mortem examination of meat animals; Slaughtering and dressing of meat
   animals and birds; Emergency and casualty slaughter; Evaluation, grading and fabrication of dressed carcasses
   including poultry; Abattoir byproducts; rendering, meat, bone, glue, gelatin, fat and byproducts of pharmaceutical
   value; Skin and hides; methods of flaying, defects, preservation and tanning; Treatment of condemned meat and
   carcasses; Management of effluent emanating from abattoir; Prospect of meat industry in India; Structure and
   composition of muscle (including poultry muscle); Conversion of muscle to meat; Nutritive value of meat;
   Fraudulent substitution of meat; Preservation of meat and poultry; drying, salting, curing, smoking, chilling,
   freezing, canning, irradiation and chemicals; Ageing of meat; Modern processing technologies of meat and meat
   products; Packaging of meat and meat products; Formulation and development of meat; kabab, sausages, meat balls
   or patties, tandoori chicken, soup, pickles; Fermentation of meat products; Physico-chemical and microbiological
   quality of meat and their products; Basics of sensory evaluation of meat products; Nutritive value, preservation,
   packaging of egg and egg products; Laws governing national or international trade in meat and meat products;
   Organic and genetically modified meat and poultry products.
6. VETERINARY AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY EXTENSION EDUCATION
   History of domestication and their social dimensions; Evolution and relationship between agriculture and
   animal husbandry; Farming and characteristics of farming in India; Classification of farming, types and systems;
   Peasant farming, cooperative farming, collective farming, contract farming, estate farming, organic farming,
   capitalistic farming, small-scale farming, large-scale farming, intensive, extensive farming, specialized, diversified,
   mixed, integrated and dry land farming; Role of animals in the contemporary society; Early extension efforts in
   India; Types of education: Formal, non-formal and informal education; Extension education: Concept, levels,
   objectives and dimensions; Principles, philosophy and functions of extension education; Teaching learning process
   and steps in extension teaching; Concept of need and its types; Rural development – Concept, significance and
   importance of rural development programmes for poverty alleviation; Problems and Issues in development;
   Panchayati Raj System; Concept of sociology and rural sociology in animal husbandry extension; Culture:
   definition, elements, change, impact on production systems; Basic sociological concepts – society, community and
   association; Rural society: characteristics and differences among society, community and culture; Characteristics
   and differences among tribal, rural and urban communities; Social control: concept and means of social control
   (techniques, folkways, taboos, mores and laws); Social stratification: definition, forms and characteristics (caste
   system and class system); Social institutions in rural society: Social, economic, political, religious and educational
   (definition, composition and function); Social change: concept, importance and factors; Social groups: different
   groups, classification of social groups and their characteristics; Leadership: definition, functions of leader, types of
   rural leaders, Key communicators and their role in the animal husbandry extension; Technology- Concept,
   generation process, application, merits and de-merits; Adoption and diffusion of innovations, stages of adoption,
   adopter categories, innovation decision process, attributes of innovations, diffusion process, factors affecting
   adoption and diffusion processes; Programme planning- principles, objectives and steps; Evaluation of extension
   programme, constraints in the adoption of scientific animal husbandry practices; Role of extension agents in
   diffusion of livestock innovations; Cattle and buffalo improvement programmes: Key Village Scheme, Intensive
   Cattle Development Project, Gosadan and Gaushala; Dairy development programmes: concept of cooperation,
   Rochdale principles of cooperation, objectives of cooperative, Amul pattern of dairy cooperative system and
   Operation Flood; Transfer of technology projects of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): Krishi Vigyan
   Kendra (KVK), Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC), Agricultural Technology Management
   Agency (ATMA), National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) etc;
   Different ongoing central and state government animal husbandry development programmes being run related to
   sheep, goat, poultry, piggery, fodder production etc.; Communication and its functions; Basic concepts:
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   communication fidelity, communication gap, time lag in communication, empathy, homophily and heterophily,
   propaganda, publicity, persuasion and development communication; Types of communication: Intrapersonal,
   interpersonal, verbal, non- verbal, vertical, horizontal, organizational communication etc; Elements of
   communication: Communicator, message, channel, treatment of message, audience, and audience response
   (feedback); Barriers of communication; Individual contact methods: Farm and home visit, farmer’s call, personal
   letter, adaptive or minikit trial, farm clinic etc; Group contact methods: Result demonstration, method
   demonstration, group meeting, training, field day or farmers’ day, study tour etc; Mass contact methods: Farm
   publications (leaflet, folder, pamphlet, booklet, bulletin, farm magazine, newsletter etc.), mass meeting, campaign,
   exhibition, newspaper, radio, television, mobile short message service; Selection and use of extension teaching
   methods; Introduction to Economics and Livestock Economics: definition and scope (production, consumption,
   exchange and distribution); Basic concepts- wants, goods, wealth, utility, price, value, assets, capital, money,
   income etc; Important features of land, labour, capital and organization; Theories of demand, supply and cost;
   Theories of production (law of diminishing return, increasing return, constant return and return to scale); Concept of
   market: market, market structure and classification of markets; Market price and normal price, price determination
   under perfect competition in short and long run; Marketing functions: meaning and their classification (packaging,
   transportation, grading, standardization, storage and warehousing, processing and value addition, buying and selling,
   market information, financing, risk bearing, minimization of risks (speculation and hedging); Marketing agencies,
   institutions and channels for livestock and livestock products; Government interventions and role in marketing of
   livestock and livestock products; External trade in livestock products, recent policies on trade and international trade
   agreements and their implications in livestock sector; Definition of entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, enterprise and
   manager; Difference between entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, entrepreneur and enterprise, entrepreneur and
   manager; Theories of entrepreneurship: Sociological theory, economic theory, cultural theory, psychological theory;
   Types, characteristics and functions of an entrepreneur; Forms of entrepreneurship: (Sole proprietorship,
   partnership, corporation, cooperative, joint stock company, Private and Public Limited Company); Introduction to
   financial management: concept, function, analysis of financial statement, sources of capital (banks, venture capitals,
   etc.); Project appraisal- Introduction, importance, techno-economic feasibility, criteria of project evaluation
   (discounted and non-discounted), capital budgeting, etc.; Business plan for enterprise; Institutions promoting
   entrepreneurship in India; Entrepreneurship development programmes; Accounting: objectives, common terms;
   Personnel management-identification of work, job analysis, division of labour etc.; Resource managementorganization aspect of livestock farms, resources and procurement of inputs and financial resources, breakevenanalysis etc.; Strengths and limitations of ICTs application in livestock sector and farmers capacity building;
   Information kiosk, Elearning, CAD, virtual class room, virtual reality, multi-media etc; Cyber extension- problems
   and prospects in livestock extension; Computer networking: (LAN, MAN, WAN, Internet, tele-conferencing, teletext, radio-text, video-text, interactive cable distribution system, satellite communication, internet, www); Gender
   and animal husbandry- definition, difference between gender and sex, role of women in animal husbandry, gender
   sensitization, importance of gender sensitization in animal husbandry, need for gender analysis, gender budgeting
   and mainstreaming; Salient features of recent livestock census, livestock insurance scheme, national livestock
   mission; Sustainability- concept of sustainability of livestock production system (social, environmental and
   economic challenges faced); Introduction to environmental consequences of livestock rearing; Animal welfare:
   Introduction to animal welfare, ethics and rights; Importance of animal welfare in the contemporary society;
   Expectations from veterinary professionals.
7. VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
   Role of veterinarians in public health; One Health concept and initiatives; Veterinary Public Health
   administration; Sources of contamination; Principles and concepts of food hygiene and safety; Milk hygiene in
   relation to public health; Hygienic and safe milk production practices including steps for prevention and control of
   milk contamination, adulterants, antimicrobial residues, agrochemicals, subclinical mastitis or udder infections etc.;
   Microbial flora of milk and milk products; Milk plant and dairy equipment hygiene; Quality control of milk and
   milk products; Milk hygiene practices in India and other countries; Elements of meat inspection and meat hygiene
   practices; Pathological conditions associated with the transport of food animals; Hygiene in abattoirs and meat
   plants; Detection of conditionsor diseases and judgements during ante mortem and post mortem inspection;
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   Examination of lymph nodes; Meat as a source of disease transmission; Sources of contamination of meat and
   methods of carcass decontamination; Speciation of meat; Animal welfare and public health issues; Classification of
   low risk and high risk material generated in an abattoir and its hygienic disposal; Inspection of poultry for human
   consumption; Occupational health hazards in abattoir and meat plants; Foodborne infections and intoxications
   associated with foods of animal origin; Toxic residues (pesticides, antibiotics, metals and hormones) in foods and
   associated health hazards; Types of biohazards; Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) system;
   Importance of ISO 9000 and 14000 series in meat industry; Risk analysis, assessment and management;
   International food safety standards: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), World Trade Organization
   (WTO) agreements and Codex Alimentarius Commission; Sanitary and phytosanitary measures in relation to foods
   of animal origin; Food Safety and Standards Act and Regulations; Role of Food Safety and Standards Authority of
   India (FSSAI), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and other national agencies; Definitions, components and aims of
   epidemiology; Factors influencing occurrence of livestock diseases and animal production; Determinants of disease;
   Transmission and maintenance of infections; Ecology of disease; Measures and patterns of disease occurrence;
   Survey and surveillance of animal diseases and related parameters; Epidemiological
   methods- Descriptive, analytical, experimental, theoretical, serological and molecular; Animal disease forecasting;
   Strategies of disease management: prevention, control and biosecurity; Economics of animal diseases; National and
   international regulations on livestock diseases; Role of OIE and laws on international trade of animals and animal
   products; Definition, history and socio-economic impact of zoonotic diseases; Classification of zoonoses and
   approaches to their management; Multisectoral approach for zoonoses prevention and control; Emerging, reemerging and occupational zoonoses; Role of domestic, wild, pet and laboratory animals and birds in transmission
   of zoonoses; Zoonotic pathogens as agents of bioterrorism; Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and management
   of the following zoonoses: Rabies, Japanese encephalitis, influenza, Kyasanur forest disease, Crimean Congo
   haemorrhagic fever, Nipah encephalitis, Ebola virus infection, anthrax, brucellosis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis,
   listeriosis, plague, glanders, Q fever, rickettsiosis, chlamydiosis, taeniasis, cysticercosis, hydatidosis, larva migrans,
   diphyllobothriasis, trichinellosis, toxoplasmosis, fasciolosis, paragonimiasis, sarcocystosis, cryptosporidiosis,
   amoebiasis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, superficial and systemic mycosis and prion diseases; Foodborne bacterial
   zoonoses: salmonellosis, E. coli infection, staphylococcal gastroenteritis, clostridial food poisoning,
   campylobacteriosis etc.; Scope and importance; Ecosystem: Components structure and functions. Biodiversity: uses,
   threats and conservation; Natural resources: types, uses and abuses; Environmental contaminants in food chainbioaccumulation, biomagnifications and persistent organic pollutants; Environmental pollution: Sources, nature of
   pollutants, effects on animal and human health; Rural and urban pollution; Air pollution, sources and hazard; Air
   pollution in animal houses, effect on health and productivity; Airborne diseases – Classification, health hazard,
   prevention and control; Water-Sources, contamination & their prevention; Water qualities- Physical, chemical,
   bacteriological and radiological; Water purification methods for community water supplies; Waterborne diseases –
   Classification, health hazard, prevention and control; Soil, marine and thermal pollution- Classification, sources,
   hazard, prevention and control; Noise pollution – Sources, hazards, prevention and control; Nuclear hazardsor
   radiological hazard-Types, hazards and radiation protection; National rules and legislations related to environmental
   pollution and role of pollution control board in India; Biosafety: Importance, classification and biosafety measures
   for prevention of risk hazards; Disaster management and mitigation; Solid and liquid waste management at farms
   and biomedical waste management; Sanitation and disinfection of farm and hospital environment in veterinary
   public practice for infection control; Global warming and greenhouse effect-Definition, greenhouse gases, impact of
   climate change and international treaties or protocols; Management of waste from animal industries; Stray and fallen
   animal management and carcass disposal; Vector and reservoir control.
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   Part II (60 marks)
8. Veterinary Anatomy
   Introduction to anatomy and branches of anatomy and descriptive terms used in anatomy and study of
   anatomical planes, properties and structure of bone, classification of bones, joints, structure of diarthrodial joints,
   classification of muscles, etymology of muscles, description of tendon, ligaments, aponeurosis, synovial bursa and
   synovial sheath, Structure of heart, systemic and pulmonary circulations, lymphatic and venous systems, parts of
   central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system and sense organs, formation of spinal nerve, structure of
   meninges, brain, spinal cord, Different surface regions, joint regions, palpable Bony areas or prominences of the
   body of the animal, Palpable Lymph nodes, sites for collection of Bone marrow and Cerebrospinal fluid,
   venipuncture, boundaries of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities, topography of different organs of digestive,
   respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive systems of domestic animals and fowl, bones of fore
   limb of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl, structure of hoof of ox and horse, joints, ligaments, stay
   apparatus, major blood vessels, nerves, veins and lymph nodes of fore limb, sites for Radial, Median, Ulnar and
   Volar nerve blocks, cranial and facial bones, cervical vertebrae of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl,
   boundaries of the oral, orbital, nasal and cranial cavities, paranasal sinuses in ox, horse, dog and pig, articulations
   and special ligaments of the head and neck; Muscles of face, mastication, eye, ear, tongue, pharynx, soft palate,
   hyoid and larynx, anatomy of teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid and salivary
   glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl, anatomy of cranial nerves, blood vessels and lymph nodes of
   head and neck regions, boundaries of jugular furrow and structures of carotid sheath along with neck muscles,
   anatomy of sense organs, trachea and oesophagus, age determination by Dentition, sites for Tracheotomy,
   Esophagotomy, Ligation of Stensons duct and Mental, Mandibular, Maxillary, Cornual, Infraorabital, Supraorbital
   (frontal), Orbital and Auriculopalpebral nerve blocks and surgical approach to guttural pouches in horse; Importance
   of Cornual nerve and superficial Temporal artery in Amputation of Horn in cattle, Anatomy of thoracic vertebrae,
   ribs and sternum of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl; Study of joints, special ligaments, blood vessels,
   nerves, lymph vessels and lymph nodes of thorax; Study of organs of thorax i.e.trachea, thymus, oesophagus, lungs
   and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl, pleura, its reflections and mediastinum; Areas of auscultation and
   percussion of heart and lungs and site for Paracentesis Thoracis, Anatomy of abdomen of ox and differences in
   horse, dog, pig and fowl, blood and nerve supply to abdominal viscera, peritoneal reflections, organs of digestive,
   urinary, male and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl,
   anatomy of mammary glands in cow and differences in mare, bitch and sow; Study of spleen of ox and differences
   in horse, dog, pig and fowl; Study of major veins, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and endocrine glands of abdomen,
   boundaries and Clinical importance of the flank and Para Lumbar Fossa; bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and
   differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl,joints, ligaments, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb, pelvis
   and tail region and pelvic viscera, pelvic peritoneal reflections, organs of digestive, urinary, male and female
   reproductive systems present in pelvic cavity and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl, boundaries of the inguinal
   canal and structures of the spermatic cord, pre pubic tendon and its importance, anatomy of external genital organs,
   sites for Tibial, Peroneal ,Plantar and Pudic nerve blocks, Patellar desmotomy, Urethrotomy, Castration, Vasectomy,
   cranial and caudal epidural anaesthesia, Cytology, cell junctions, study of basic tissues i.e. epithelial, connective,
   muscular and nervous tissues, blood and bone marrow, microscopic structures of digestive, circulatory, urinary,
   respiratory, nervous, lymphatic, endocrine, male and female genital systems and mammary glands of domestic
   animals; Study of microscopic structure of sense organs i.e. eye, ear and integument, introduction to embryology,
   gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, types of eggs, morula, blastulation, gastrulation, types of implantation,
   twinning, formation of foetal membranes in mammals and birds, Placenta and its classification, different germ layers
   and their derivatives, dvelopment of organs of digestive system including tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver and
   pancreas, development of organs of respiratory, urinary, circulatory, lymphatic, nervous, musculoskeletal, male and
   female reproductive systems, endocrine glands, sense organs i.e. eye and ear.
9. VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
   Introduction and history of Microbiology; Classification and nomenclature of bacteria; Microscopy and
   Micrometry; Bacterial stains and techniques; Structure and morphology of bacteria; Growth and nutritional
   requirement of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; Normal, opportunistic and saprophytic bacterial flora: Types and
   10
   sources of infection, method of transmission of infection; Pathogenicity, virulence, determinants of virulence,
   Epizootic and enzootic diseases, bacteremia, septicaemia and toxaemia, endotoxins, exotoxins, antitoxins, toxoids;
   Bacterial genetics (Mutation, Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation), plasmids and antibiotic resistance,
   Isolation, growth, cultural, morphological, biochemical and antigenic characteristics, epidemiology and
   pathogenesis, pathogenicity, diagnosis, prevention and control of bacterial diseases caused by Staphylococcus;
   Streptococcus; Corynebacterium, Trueperella,Rhodococcus; Listeria and Erysepelothrix; Bacillus;Mycobacterium;
   Clostridium, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Streptomyces and Dermatophilus; Family Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli,
   Klebsiella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Proteus); Pseudomonas and Burkholderia; Pasteurella, Mannheimia,
   Actinobacillus and Haemophilus, Brucella; Vibrio; Campylobacter; Bordetella and Moraxella; Gram negative
   anaerobes: Bacteriodes, Dichlobacteria and Fusobacterium; Leptospira and other Spirochaetes;Mycoplasma,
   Coxiella, Neorickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia; Chlamydia and Chlamydophila; Emerging, re-emerging
   and transboundry bacterial pathogens; classification, general properties of fungi; Growth and Reproduction of fungi;
   isolation, growth, morphological, cultural, biochemical and antigenic characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis,
   diagnosis and control of fungal diseases caused by following genera: Candida and Cryptococcus; Aspergillus;
   Penicillium; Dermatophytes and Malassezia; Dimorphic fungi, Rhinosporidium and Sporotrichum; Mycetoma and
   Zygomycetes; Mycotic mastitis and mycotic abortion; Mycotoxicoses; Basic concepts and scope of Recombinant
   DNA technology; Gene cloning, Cloning vectors and expression vectors; Transformation and transfection; Southern,
   Northern and Western blotting; Bioinformatics, Gene banks; Application of molecular and biotechnological
   techniques: Polymerase chain reaction, Nucleic acid hybridization, DNA library, DNA sequencing and DNA
   fingerprinting; IPR; Ethics and regulatory issues in Animal Biotechnology; History of Immunology; Lymphoid
   organs, tissues and Cells: Types of Immunity; Antigens, hapten, epitope, Specificity, T dependent and T
   independent Antigens, heterophile Antigens, cross reacting Antigens, blood group Antigens, Mitogens and factors
   affecting immunogenicity; Adjuvants; Antibody: Structure, physiochemical properties and functions of various
   classes of immunoglobulins, Theories of antibody production; Hybridoma and monoclonal antibodies, Serological
   reactions; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) structure, function and gene organization; Structure of BCR
   and TCR; Antigen processing and presentation; Complement system: activation pathways and biological
   consequences; Cytokines: general properties, major types and function; Hypersensitivity: classification and
   mechanism of induction; Autoimmunity; Immunotolerance; Concept of Immunity to Microbes, Vaccines and other
   biological; Structure of Viruses; Classification of Viruses; Viral Replication; Genetic and Non-genetic viral
   interactions; Virus-Cell Interactions; Viral Pathogenesis, Oncogenesis, latency and immunopathology; Studies on
   General Properties, Antigens, Cultivation, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, Prevention and
   Control of following Viruses and Prions Causing Diseases in Livestock and Poultry: Birnaviridae: Infectious bursal
   disease virus; Reoviridae: Rotaviruses, Bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus; Paramyxoviridae: Newcastle
   disease virus, Canine distemper virus, PPR virus; Rhabdoviridae: Rabies virus, Ephemeral fever virus,
   Bornaviridae: Borna virus; Orthomyxoviridae: Swine, Equine, Avian Influenza Viruses; Coronaviridae: Infectious
   Bronchitis virus, Transmissible gastroenteritis virus; Arterivirdae: Equine viral arteritis virus, Picornaviridae: FMD
   virus, Duck viral hepatitis virus; Caliciviridae: Feline calici Virus, Togaviridae: Equine encephalomyelitis viruses;
   Flaviviridae: Swine fever virus, BVD virus; Retroviridae: Visna or maedi virus, Equine infectious anemia virus,
   Lymphoid leucosis virus, Bovine leukemia virus; Poxviridae: Capripoxvirus, Avipoxvirus, Cowpoxvirus;
   Asfarviridae: African Swine Fever Virus; Herpesviridae: Bovine herpes viruses, Equine Herpes viruses, Infectious
   laryngotracheitis virus, Marek’s disease virus, Pseudorabies virus, Malignant Catarrhal Fever virus; Duck Plague
   virus, Adenoviridae: Infectious Canine Hepatitis virus, Egg Drop Syndrome virus, Fowl adenovirus,
   Papillomaviridae: Papillomatosis, Parvoviridae: Canine parvoviruses, Feline panleucopenia virus; Circoviridae:
   Chicken Anemia Virus: Prions: Scrapie, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; Emerging, re-emerging and
   transboundry viruses and Viral Infections.
10. VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
    Major intrinsic and extrinsic causes of disease; Haemodynamic disorders (hyperaemia, congestion,
    haemorrhage, oedema, thrombosis, embolism and infarction); Glycogen overload, amyloidosis and fatty changes;
    Reversible and irreversible cell injury- degenerations, necrosis and its types, apoptosis, differences between postmortem autolysis and necrosis, gangrene and its types; Major exogenous and endogenous pigments; Metastatic and
    11
    dystrophic calcification; Photosensitization; Disturbances in growth (Aplasia, hypoplasia, atrophy, hypertrophy,
    hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia); Inflammation: Definitions, classification, various cell types and their
    functions, mediators, cardinal signs and systemic effects; Wound healing by primary and secondary intention
    including growth factors; Immunopathology in brief (immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity);
    Pathological changes affecting Digestive, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Haematopoietic,
    Lymphoid, Urinary, Reproductive, Nervous, Endocrine systems, Skin and Appendages, Ear and Eye; Animal
    Oncology: Definitions, general characteristics and classification of neoplasms; Differences between benign and
    malignant tumours, aetiology, carcinogenesis and spread of neoplasms, tumour immunity, effects and diagnosis of
    tumours, staging and grading of neoplasms; Pathology of various types of tumours in domestic animals (epithelial,
    connective tissue, hematopoietic tissue etc.); Haematology – Different anticoagulant used in haematology,
    interpretation of blood tests (haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, erythrocytic indices,
    erythrocytic sedimentation rate, total leukocyte count, absolute count of different leucocytes), blood smear
    examination and its interpretation; Urinalysis- Interpretation of physical, chemical and microscopic examination of
    urine; Study of biopsy and cytology including exfoliative cytology as rapid diagnostic techniques; objectives of
    necropsy, pre-necropsy guidelines, procedure for post mortem examination of various species of animals including
    wild animals, post mortem changes, collection, preservation and dispatch of specimens (morbid materials) for
    laboratory examination, writing of post mortem report, veterolegal necropsy, veterolegal wounds; Pathology of viral
    infections: Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of foot and mouth disease, Rinderpest, malignant
    catarrhal fever, blue tongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea, Peste des Petitis (PPR), equine
    infectious anaemia, equine influenza, equine viral arteritis, equine rhinopneumonitis, classical swine fever, swine
    influenza, rabies, canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, canine parvovirus infection, feline panleukopenia,
    maedi, jaagziekte, pox virus diseases in different animals; Vesicular stomatitis, vesicular exanthema, equine
    encephalomyelitis, diseases caused by rota and corona viruses; Pathology of prion diseases (scrapie, bovine and
    feline spongiform encephalopathies); Pathology of bacterial infections: Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic
    pathology of tuberculosis, Johne’s disease, actinomycosis, actinobacillosis, anthrax, clostridial group of diseases
    (black quarter, black disease, enterotoxaemia, braxy, botulism tetanus), streptococosis including strangles in horses,
    staphylococosis, glanders, pasteurellosis, leptospirosis, listeriosis, swine erysipelas, brucellosis, corynebacterium
    infections (caseous lymphadenitis, pseudotuberculosis), campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, and colibacillosis
    including oedema disease in pigs, and necrobacillosis); Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of
    mycoplasma infection (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, porcine enzootic
    pneumonia), diseases of chlamydial group, Q-fever, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis; Pathogenesis, gross and
    microscopic pathology of superficial and deep mycoses – ringworm (dermatophytosis), aspergillosis, zygomycosis,
    histoplasmosis, cryptococosis, rhinosporidiosis and candidiasis; Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of
    aflatoxicosis, ochratoxicosis, trichothecosis, Degnala disease and ergotoxicosis; Pathogenesis, gross and
    microscopic pathology of fasciolosis, babesiosis, theileriosis and trypanosomosis; Avian Inflammation,
    Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of Ranikhet disease, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis,
    infectious laryngotracheitis, fowl pox, avian influenza, Marek’s disease, leukosisorsarcoma group of diseases,
    reticuloendotheliosis, avian encephalomyelitis, inclusion body hepatitis, hydropericardium syndrome, chicken
    infectious anaemia, avian nephritis, egg drop syndrome, reovirus infections; Pathogenesis of Bacterial Diseases of
    poultry; Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of important Mycoplasma infections of avian species, Gross
    and microscopic pathology (in brief) of helminthic diseases (flukes, cestodes, nematodes), protozoal diseases
    (coccidiosis, histomoniasis), ectoparasites; Gross and microscopic pathology of nutritional imbalances due to
    carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins; Miscellaneous diseases (Heat stroke, vent gleet, internal layer, false
    layer, pendulous crop, breast blister, ascites syndrome, fatty liver and kidney syndrome, fatty liver syndrome, cage
    layer fatigue, gout, hemorrhagic syndrome, round heart disease, impaction of oviduct, egg bound condition, bumble
    foot) and common vices; Pathology of important diseases of rats, mice, and guinea pigs (Tyzzer’s disease,
    Pseudotuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Infectious ectromelia, Infantile diarrhea, Murine hepatitis virus, Lymphocytic
    choriomeningitis); Pathology of important diseases of rabbits (Pasteurellosis, Blue breasts, Treponematosis,
    Enterotoxaemia, Rabbit pox , Infectious myxomatosis, Papillomatosis , Coccidiosis, Mite infestation); Gross and
    microscopic pathology of important diseases of wild animals (West Nile Fever, Rabies, FMD, Pox, Kyasanaur forest
    12
    disease, Infectious hepatitis virus, Anthrax, Tuberculosis, Colibacillosis, Clostridial infections Trypanosomosis,
    Babesiosis, Theileriosis, Nutritional deficiency diseases).
11. VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
    Pharmacological terms and definitions, nomenclature of drugs; Principles of drug activity:
    Pharmacokinetics – Routes of drug administration, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of
    drugs; Pharmacodynamics – Concept of drug and receptor, dose-response relationship, terms related to drug activity
    and factors modifying the drug effect and dosage; Adverse drug reactions, drug interactions; Neurohumoral
    transmission, Pharmacology of neurotransmitters; Adrenoceptors agonists and antagonists, adrenergic neuron
    blockers, cholinoceptor agonists and antagonists; Autacoids: Histamine, histamine analogues and antihistaminic
    agents, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and its agonists and antagonists, eicosanoids, platelet activating factors, angiotensin,
    bradykinin and kallidin; Classification of drugs acting on CNS; History, mechanism and stages of general
    anaesthesia; Inhalant, intravenous and dissociative anaesthetics; Hypnotics and sedatives; psychotropic drugs,
    anticonvulsants, opioid analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analeptics and other CNS stimulants;
    Drugs acting on somatic nervous system: Local anaesthetics, muscle relaxants; Euthanizing agents; Drugs acting on
    digestive system: Stomachics, antacids and antiulcers, prokinetics, carminatives, antizymotics, emetics, antiemetics,
    purgatives, antidiarrhoeals, choleretics and cholagogues; Rumen pharmacology; Drugs acting on cardiovascular
    system: Cardiotonics and cardiac stimulants, antiarrhythmic drugs, vasodilators and antihypertensive agents,
    haematopoietic drugs, coagulants and anticoagulants; Drugs acting on respiratory system: Expectorants and
    antitussives, respiratory stimulants, bronchodilators and mucolytics; Drugs acting on urogenital system: Diuretics,
    drugs affecting urinary pH and tubular transport of drugs, ecbolics and tocolytics; Pharmacological basis of fluid
    therapy; Pharmacotherapeutics of hormones; Drugs acting on skin and mucous membranes: Emollients, demulcents
    and counter irritants; Introduction and historical developments of chemotherapy; Antimicrobial agents:
    Classification, general principles in antimicrobial chemotherapy, antimicrobial resistance, combined antimicrobial
    therapy; Sulphonamides and their combination with diaminopyrimidines; Penicillins, cephalopsorins, cephamycins
    and other beta lactams, beta lactamase inhibitors; Aminoglycosides and aminocyclitols, tetracyclines, amphenicols
    (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol), macrolides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones, polypeptides
    (polymixins, bacitracin) and glycopeptides antibiotics, Miscellaneous agents: Lincosamides, novobiocin,
    virginiamycin, tiamulin, nitrofurans and methenamine, Antitubercular drugs; Antifungal agents: Topical and
    systemic agents including anti-fungal antibiotics; Antiviral and anticancer agents; Anthelmintics: Drugs used against
    nematodes, cestodes, trematodes; Antiprotozoal agents: Drugs used in trypanosomosis, theileriosis, babesiosis,
    coccidiosis, amoebiosis, giardiosis and trichomoniasis; Ectoparasiticides; Antiseptics and disinfectants;
    Pharmacology of drugs of abuse in animals; Pharmacology of indigenous medicinal plants: Scientific name,
    common name, active principles, pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of Ginger, ocimum, neem, piper
    longum, withania, leptadenia, tinospora, embilica, eucalyptus, glycerrhiza, trichospermum, curcuma, adhantoda,
    butea, aloes, sena, rheubarb, catechu etc.; General Toxicology: Definitions, history of toxicology, fundamentals and
    scope of toxicology; Sources and classification of toxicants, factors modifying toxicity, general approaches to
    diagnosis and treatment of poisoning; Toxicity caused by metals and non-metals: Arsenic, lead, mercury, copper,
    molybdenum, selenium, phosphorus, fluoride, nitrates or nitrites, chlorate, common salt and urea; Poisonous plants:
    Cyanogenetic plants, abrus, ipomoea, datura, nux vomica, castor, oxalate producing plants, plants causing thiamine
    deficiency, plants causing photosensitization and lathyrism, oleander, and cotton; Toxicity caused by
    Agrochemicals: Insecticides – Chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, newer
    insecticides; Herbicides, fungicides and rodenticides; Fungal and bacterial toxins: Aflatoxins, rubratoxin,
    ochratoxin, sporidesmin, citrinin, F-2 toxin, trichothecenes, ergot, fescue, botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin;
    Venomous bites and stings: Snake, scorpion, spider, bees and wasp, toad and fishes (puffer fish, shellfish); Toxicity
    caused by food additives and preservatives; Drug and pesticide residue toxicology; Environmental pollutants: Air
    and water pollutants; Concept of radiation hazards.
12. Veterinary Parasitology
    Importance of Parasitology in veterinary curriculum, types of parasites, Types of hosts and vectors, types of
    animal associations, modes of transmission of parasites and methods of dissemination of the infective stages of the
    parasites, International code of Zoological Nomenclature: Rules and regulations, Standard Nomenclature of Animal
    13
    Parasitic Diseases (SNOAPAD), Immunity against parasitic infections or infestation, natural and acquired immunity,
    premunity, sterile immunity, autoimmunity, passive immunity, concomitant immunity and immune evasion by
    parasites, General harmful effects of parasites including various tissue reaction caused by parasites, General control
    measures against parasites, characters of various phyla of parasites, introduction, general account and classification,
    general life cycle with morphological features of their developmental stages, important morphological features, life
    cycles, modes of transmission, Pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and general control measures trematode,
    nematode and arthropods affecting animals and birds, study of insecticideoracaricide resistance, Protozoa of
    veterinary importance: introduction, general account and classification, general life cycle of protozoa with
    morphological features of their developmental stages, differentiation from bacteria and rickettsia, important
    morphological features, life cycles, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and general
    control measures of the protozoan parasites of veterinary and zoonotic importance affecting animals and poultry.
13. VETERINARY SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY
    Historical perspective, Definitions, classification of surgery, tenets of Halsted; Pre-operative, intraoperative
    and post-operative considerations: History taking, physical examination, clinico-pathological testing, intraoperative
    and postoperative care; Sterilization and disinfection: Definitions, surgical sterilization, various methods of
    sterilization (Heat, chemical and radiations etc;), disinfections; Sutures: Definitions, suturing, factors influencing
    suturing, characteristics of an ideal suture material, types of suture material-absorbable and non-absorbable, surgical
    knots, various suture patterns-apposition, eversion, inversion and special; Treatment of acute and chronic
    inflammation: Use of anti-inflammatory drugs and proteolytic enzymes; Haemostasis (physical and chemical
    methods, systemic haemostats, surgical diathermy); Basic surgical affections: Definitions, classification, diagnosis
    and treatment of abscess, tumour, cyst, hernia, haematoma, necrosis, gangrene, burn and scald, frost bite and
    surgical affections of muscles, artery and vein, sinus and fistula; Wounds: Definition, classification, examination
    and diagnosis, general principles for treatment of aseptic, contaminated and septic wounds, healing and factors
    affecting wound healing, complications of wounds and their remedies; Surgical infection; their prevention and
    management: Classification of infection, Introduction to biomaterials and stem cell therapy in wound management;
    Management of surgical shock; Principles of fluid therapy in surgical patients; Development of anaesthesiology,
    Terminology, classification and indications; General considerations of anaesthesia: Factors affecting anaesthesia and
    selection of anaesthetic technique, factors modifying uptake, distribution and elimination, patient evaluation,
    categories of patients according to physical status, selection of anaesthetic agent and patient preparation; Pain and its
    management in animals Local and regional anaesthesia: Definitions, local anaesthetics, mechanism of action
    Premedication, properties and use of different preanaesthetics: Uses of premedication, Anticholinergic, sedatives
    and tranquilizers (Phenothiazine derivatives, Benzodiazepines, Butyrophenones, Narcotic analgesics, Alpha-2
    agonists, dosage chart of all the drugs; General anaesthesia: Definitions, methods of induction of anaesthesia,
    Intravenous anaesthetics (Total intravenous anaesthesia), monitoring of anaesthesia;
    Inhalation anaesthesia: Advantages of inhalant anaesthetics, types of inhalant anaesthetics their properties and effect
    on various systems, methods of administration of inhalant anaesthesia; Dissociative anaesthesia: Definition, drugs,
    clinical application, properties and effect on various body systems; Avian, wild, zoo, exotics and lab animal
    anaesthesia and capture myopathy Anaesthetic emergencies and management, Toxicity, antidote and reversal agents;
    Introduction to Radiology-General terminology of radiology, Physical properties of X-Rays, Scope and uses of
    Radiology, Directional terms for veterinary radiology; Production of X-rays and factors influencing production of
    X-rays; Radiation hazards and safety measures- Scattered radiation, Biological effects of radiation, Direct and
    indirect effects, Early and late effects, Radiation sensitivity of different body cells, Radiation protection, General
    principles of radiation safety, Radiation monitoring devices, Requirement of an ideal radiographic section; The
    statutory requirements of radiology set-up as per Atomic Energy Regulatory Board of India (AERB); Production of
    quality diagnostic radiograph; Recording of image- Manual and digital processing of X-ray films, storage and
    retrieval system; Radiographic Quality and faults- Radiographic detail, density and contrast and factors affecting
    them, Radiographic faults, their possible causes and prevention; Contrast radiography- Definition, indications,
    contraindications and types of contrast radiography, Different contrast materials and their use, Techniques of some
    selected contrast radiography in animals(Barium swallow, Retrograde urography etc) Diagnostic ultrasonographyPrinciples, indications, techniques and artifacts of ultrasonography; Advanced diagnostic imaging tools- The brief
    14
    introduction to the use and limits of some advanced imaging techniques, Interventional radiology – CAT scanning,
    MRI; Head and Neck: Affections of lips, cleft palate, tongue, cheek, and their treatment: General anatomical
    considerations, avulsion of lip, cleft lip ranula, neoplasm and traumatic injuries; Affections of teeth and jaws and
    their treatment: General anatomical considerations, Developmental abnormalities, dental tartar, periodontal disease,
    overgrown molars, fractures and luxations of jaw; Affections of nose, face, ear, head and horn and their treatment:
    General anatomical considerations; Brachycephalic syndrome, Stenotic nostrils, nasal polyps, empyema of sinuses,
    fracture and avulsion of horn, horn cancer, aural haematoma, otitis; Affections of eye and their treatment: General
    anatomical considerations and examination of eye; Affections of eyelids and nictitating membrane and their
    treatment: entropion, ectropion, chalazion, sty, Cherry eye and traumatic injuries; Affections of lachrymal apparatus,
    eyeball and orbit and their treatment: occlusion of nasolacrimal duct, traumatic proptosis, panophthalmia, orbital
    neoplasms, glaucoma, eye worms; Affections of cornea, iris and lens and their treatment: corneal ulcers, corneal
    opacity, Kerato Conjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), prolapse of iris, corneal dermoid, corneal lacerations and perforations,
    cataract; Affections of guttural pouch, oesophagus and their treatment: General anatomical considerations;
    Empyema, tympanitis and Mycosis of guttural pouch, oesophageal diverticulum, megaoesophagus, achalasia and
    choke; Affections of glands of head and neck and their treatment: General anatomical considerations; Salivary
    mucocele, sialoliths, salivary fistula Affections of neck and their treatment: General anatomical considerations;
    Yoke gall, yoke abscess, fistulous withers, poll evil, torticollis; Affections of larynx and Trachea: Tracheal collapse,
    stenosis, roaring in horses, dorsal entrapment of soft palate in horses and camels, emergency tracheotomy;
    Management of ocular emergencies; Tracheotomy; Thoracic affections: Surgical approaches, perforated wounds,
    pyothorax, pneumothorax, pneumocele, Diaphragmatic hernia and traumatic pericarditis in cattle; Abdominal
    affections: Surgical approach to the abdomen in different animal species; Common surgical affections of the
    stomach in dogs and their management: dilation and torsion of stomach, gastric ulcerations, foreign bodies in the
    stomach, pyloric stenosis; etc Surgical affections of the stomach in large animal and their management: Ruminal
    impaction, traumatic reticulitis, omasal and abomasal impaction and abomasal displacement; Surgical affections of
    small intestines and their management: Intestinal obstruction, intussusception and strangulation (volvulus);
    Techniques of intestinal anastomosis; Surgical affections of large intestine and their management: Caecal dilatation
    and torsion, rectal prolapse, rectal and perineal tear, recto-vaginal fistula; Surgical affections of anus and perineal
    region and their management: Atresia-ani, anal stenosis, anal sac impaction; Other surgical affections of abdomen
    and their management: Perforating wounds and fistulae of abdomen, umbilical hernia, ventral abdominal hernia,
    inguinal and scrotal hernia, perineal hernia; Urinary system: Urolithiasis and its management; Urolithiasis in small
    and large animals; Patent urachus, ectopic ureter; Surgical management of equine colic; Genital system: Surgical
    affections of male genital system and their management, prostatic enlargement or hyperplasiaor neoplasm, Phimosis,
    paraphimosis, preputial prolapse, penile amputation; Castration, vasectomy, scrotal ablation in large and small
    animals; Surgical affections of female genital system and their management: Canine transmissible venereal tumour;
    Ovariohysterectomy and caesarean section; Applications of rigid and flexible endoscopes in the management of
    surgical disorders; Surgical affections of udder, teat and canine mammary neoplasms; Surgical affections of tail and
    tail docking Wild or zoo animal surgery (only awareness); Body conformation of the horse in relation to lameness
    (trunk, fore limb and hind limb); Lameness: Its definition classification and diagnosis; General methods of therapy
    for lameness; Body and limb conformation in relation to lameness in equine; Equine lameness: Shoulder slip
    (sweeny), bicipital bursitis, omarthritis, capped elbow, radial paralysis, carpitis; Bent knee, and knock- knee;
    Hygroma of knee, open knee, blemished knee; Fracture of carpal bone, fracture of accessory carpal, contraction of
    digital flexors; Splints, sore shin, wind puffs, sesamoid iris Osstots, ringbone, quittor, side bone,
    Navicular disease, pyramidal disease; Laminitis, sand crack, seedy toe, fractures of third phalanx, pedal osteitis, and
    sole penetration; Canker, thrush and corn, Monday morning disease, cording up, myositis of psoas, Mac thrombosis,
    Crural paralysis, subluxation of sacroiliac joint rupture of round ligament trochantric bursitis; Upward fixation of
    patella, stringhalt, gonitis, chondromalacia of patella, rupture of tendoachilles, rupture of peroneus tertius, fibrotic
    myopathy and ossifying myopathy; Thoroughpin, bog spavin, spavin, curb, capped hock; Canine lameness:
    Intervertebral disc diseases, elbow and hip dysplasia, rupture of cruciate ligament, elbow hygroma etc.; their
    management, Onychectomy; Bovine lameness: Contusion of sole, ulceration of sole, septic laminitis, avulsion of
    hoof and subluxation of patella, interdigital fibroma, cyst, sand crack, and hoof deformities; Fracture: Definitions,
    15
    classification, fracture healing and complications; Fracture: The preliminary assessment and management of
    fractures; Techniques of external immobilization of fractures; Techniques of internal immobilization of fractures;
    Management of fracture complications Luxations: Definition, signs, diagnosis; Management of common joint
    luxations in animals; Spinal trauma, diagnosis and its management Rehabilitation and physiotherapy of orthopaedic
    patients.
14. VETERINARY MEDICINE
    History and scope of Veterinary Medicine, concept of animal diseases; Concepts of diagnosis, differential
    diagnosis, treatment and prognosis; hyperthermia, hypothermia, fever, septicemia, toxemia, shock, allergy,
    anaphylaxis, oedema, coma, anaemia, common clinical poisonings and dehydration; Estimates of diseases, patterns
    of disease, disease monitoring and surveillance, herd health and quarantine; Etiology, clinical manifestations,
    diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the following diseases of cattle, buffalo, sheep,
    goat, horse, pig, dog, cat and poultry: Diseases of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, nervous,
    musculoskeletal, haemopoietic, and lymphatic systems, skin, sense organs including affections of peritoneum, liver
    and pancreas; Emergency medicine and critical care; Diagnosis and management of diseases caused by deficiency of
    iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese, selenium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iodine, vitamin A, D, E, B
    complex, K and C; Diseases of neonates, Alternative or integrated or ethno-veterinary medicine in animal disease
    management; Aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
    of metabolic or production and endocrine diseases of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, pig, dog, cat and poultry i.e.
    Milk fever, eclampsia, osteodystrophy fibrosa, lactation tetany, downer cow syndrome, ketosis, fat cow syndrome,
    hypomagnesaemia, Nutritional haemoglobinuria, azoturia, diabetes, hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, Addison’s
    disease and Gout; Principles of zoo hygiene, public health problems arising from zoos; Prevention, control and
    treatment of infectious, parasitic, nutritional and metabolic diseases in zoo and wild animals including exotic birds;
    Acts and Rules related to Zoo and wild animals; National and international organizations and institutions interlinked
    to wild and zoo animals – role and functioning; Aetiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis,
    treatment, prevention and control of bacterial, fungal and rickettsial diseases of livestock: mastitis, hemorrhagic
    septicaemia, brucellosis, tuberculosis, Johne’s disease, listeriosis, leptospirosis, campylobacteriosis, actinomycosis,
    actinobacillosis, bordetellosis, glanders, strangles, ulcerative lymphangitis, colibacillosis, fowl typhoid, pullorum
    disease, fowl cholera, avian mycoplasmosis, spirochaetosis, salmonellosis, swine erysipelas, contagious caprine
    pleuropneumonia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, anthrax, clostridial infections, ehrlichiosis, chlamydosis, Q
    fever, anaplasmosis, dermatophilosis, aspergillosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, coccidiodomycosis,
    mycotoxicosis and rhinosporidiosis; Aetiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment,
    prevention and control of viral and parasitic diseases of diseases of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, pig, dog, cat
    and poultry: Foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, bovine viral diarrhoea, malignant catarrhal fever, infectious bovine
    rhinotracheitis, ephemeral fever, blue tongue, sheep pox, goat pox, PPR, classical swine fever, rabies, equine
    influenza, equine infectious anemia, equine rhinopneumonitis, canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, canine
    parvoviral disease, corona viral infection, adeno virus infection, feline rhinotracheitis, feline pan leucopenia, feline
    infectious peritonitis, avian influenza, New Castle disease, Marek’s disease, avian leucosis, infectious bronchitis,
    infectious laryngotracheitis, avian encaphalomyelitis, chicken reo virus, fowl pox, infectious bursal disease, chicken
    infectious anemia, inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, emerging and exotic viral diseases of
    global importance; Parasitic diseases: Trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, protozoan infections and external parasites
    of importance; Legal duties of veterinarians, laws related to medicine, evidence, common offences against animals
    and laws related to these offences; Examination of living and dead animals in criminal cases; Cruelty to animals and
    bestiality; Legal aspects of: Examination of animals for soundness, examination of injuries and post-mortem
    examination; Causes of sudden death in animals; Collection and dispatch of materials for chemical examination,
    detection of frauds-doping, alternation of description, bishoping etc; Cattle slaughter and evidence procedure in
    courts; Provincial and Central Acts relating to animals; Glanders and Farcy Act 1899 (13 of 1899); Dourine Act
    1910 (5 of 1910), Laws relating to offences affecting Public Health; Laws relating to poisons and adulteration of
    drugs; Livestock importation act, liability and insurance; Code of conduct and ethics for veterinarians – the
    regulations made under the Act; Animal welfare organizations and its role in animal welfare, welfare assessment,
    behaviour and animal welfare, principles and philosophy of animal welfare, animal welfare ethics, improving animal
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    welfare through legislation and incentives, assessment of physiological, behavioural, disease and production
    measures of animal welfare, assessing welfare in practice, environment enrichment, euthanasia, welfare of animals
    used in education and research and transportation, religion and animal welfare, human and animal welfare conflict,
    veterinary disaster management, human-animal interactions, veterinarians as animal welfare educators.
15. VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS
    Applied clinical anatomy and embryology of female reproductive tract; Hereditary and congenital
    anomalies of female reproductive tract ; Puberty and sexual maturity and their endocrine control; Delayed pubertyIts causes, clinical approach, treatment and prevention of delayed puberty; Applied reproductive physiology and
    endocrinology of oestrous cycle; Oestrous cycle and factors affecting the length of the oestrous cycle; Aberrations of
    oestrus and their clinical management and problems in oestrus detection and oestrus detection aids; Transportation
    and survivability of gametes in female reproductive tract; Follicular Dynamics and its clinical impact on fertility
    improvement; ovulation and aberrations of ovulation; Incidence causes, diagnosis treatment and prevention of
    ovulatory failures; Fertilization and aberrations of fertilization; Fertilization failures ; embryonic
    mortality;incidence, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention – Pathological affections of ovary, uterine tubes,
    uterus, cervix , vagina and external genitalia – Clinical management of specific and non-specific forms of infectious
    infertility; Role of nutrition, climate and stress on reproductive efficiency ; Managemental causes of infertility;
    Anoestrus and repeat breeding syndrome – Diagnostic procedures in infertility investigation – Clinical uses of
    hormones and drugs in the management of infertility; Surgical procedures for correction of abnormalities of the
    female reproductive tract; Herd reproductive health management and fertility parameters in individual animals and
    in herds; Assisted reproductive techniques: Synchronization of estrus and ovulation and its principle; methodology
    and implications; Multiple ovulation and Embryo transfer technology; In vitro fertilization; Equines: oestrous cycleSeasonality- breeding management- Aberrations of oestrous cycle and ovulations; Techniques of Pregnancy
    diagnosis; Clinical management of specific and non-specific forms of infectious infertility; Diagnostic procedures in
    infertility investigation Ovines and caprines: oestrous cycle- Seasonality- Control of oestrous cycle and infertility
    Swines : oestrous cycle; breeding management- Techniques of Pregnancy diagnosis and infertility
    Canines and Felines : oestrous cycle; breeding management- Phantom pregnancy; Medical termination of
    pregnancy; Aberrations of oestrous cycle; Medical and surgical management of affections of ovary, uterine tubes,
    uterus, cervix, vagina and external genitalia – Methods of Population control by medical and surgical techniques;
    Comparative reproductive events in camel; Principle, procedure and application of ultrasonography in farm and pet
    animal reproduction; Maternal recognition of pregnancy – Applied Endocrinology of pregnancy – Pregnancy
    diagnosis; Duration of pregnancy -Factors affecting gestation length; Care and management of pregnant animals ;
    Implantation, Placentation- Classification, functions –Wandering of ovum- Telegony- Superfetation and
    Superfecundation – Clinical management of specific and non specific causes of abortion, extra uterine pregnancy,
    dropsy of fetal membranes and fetus, mummification, maceration, cervicovaginal prolapse, uterine torsion and
    hysterocele; Parturition- Signs of approaching parturition – Stages of parturition ; Initiation and induction of
    parturition – lactational disorders ; Puerparium and factors affecting puerparium ; Postpartum care of the dam and
    neonate in different species of farm and pet animals ; Dystocia – Classification – Clinical signs and diagnosis –
    Handling of Fetal and maternal dystocia – Obstetrical interventions ; Mutation – Forced extraction – Fetotomy –
    Cesarean section in small and large animals – Maternal obstetrical paralysis – Retention of fetal membranes, Total
    uterine prolapse and common metabolic diseases of puerperal period – Post partum hemorrhage – Sub involution of
    placental sites ; Injuries incidental to parturition ; Post partum uterine infections – Post partum resumption of
    ovarian activity; Comparative clinical reproductive anatomy and endocrinology of the male reproduction in farm
    and pet animals; Common congenital and genetic defects of the male reproductive tract – Puberty and sexual
    maturity and factors affecting them ; Sexual behaviour and libido – Sperm transport, erection and ejaculation ; Coital
    injuries and vices in male animals ; Semen and ejaculate – Semen collection techniques; Structure of Spermatozoa ;
    Semen evaluation ; Semen extenders, dilution, preservation and post thaw evaluation ; Artificial insemination
    techniques in farm and pet animals ; Forms of male infertility – Impotentia coeundi and impotentia generandi –
    Affections of the scrotum, testis, accessory sex glands, penis and prepuce ; Breeding soundness evaluation of bull –
    In vitro tests for evaluation of male fertility ; Medical and surgical techniques for population control of the male
    reproduction – Surgical procedure on the male reproductive tract in farm and pet animals.